Copper city Verkhnyaya Pyshma: population and history

2024 Author: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-12 02:55

The copper capital of the Middle Urals, as the Upper Pyshminians sometimes call their city, one of the most prosperous cities in Russia. Thanks to the successful work of the city-forming enterprise - the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company - Verkhnyaya Pyshma is confidently looking into the future.

General information

A small satellite city of Yekaterinburg in the Sverdlovsk region has practically merged with the administrative center of the region. The distance between the centers of the two cities is approximately 14 km. It is located on the gentle slopes of the Middle Urals, on the eastern side, at the head of the Pyshma River.

Verkhnyaya Pyshma has a developed engineering and social infrastructure and industry. The main industries are metallurgical, mechanical engineering and metalworking.

Development of the territory

The date of foundation of the settlement is considered to be 1701. According to archival documents, the first inhabitants of the village of Pyshma were coachmen and miners. Among them there were many Old Believers who fled from persecution from the central provinces. We made our first stop in this village.departing travelers along the Great Verkhoturskaya road from Yekaterinburg to Verkhoturye, through Nevyansk and Nizhny Tagil. Here they fed or changed horses before a long journey. For travelers heading north, this was the last stop before the civilized world.

The stimulus for the development of the region was the decree of the Senate of 1812, allowing all Russian citizens to seek and develop silver and gold mines with the payment of taxes to the treasury. Already in 1814, the first gold deposits were discovered in the upper reaches of the Pyshma River.

First Settlement

By 1823, two placers of gold were discovered on the territory of the urban district, for the first time in the Urals. Field development has begun. In 1854, work began on the first mine - Ioanno-Bogoslovskaya or Ivanovskaya. In those days, all work was done by hand, the drifts in the mines were illuminated with tallow candles. The working day lasted 12-14 hours.

In the same year (April 3, 1854) an application was submitted to the Ural Mining Board for the discovery of the Pyshminsko-Klyuchevskoye deposit. In the same year, ore mining began, two years later a small copper smelter was built and copper smelting began. 306 people worked in the extraction and transportation of ore, including 171 civilian workers and 135 serfs. The population of Verkhnyaya Pyshma was replenished at that time by experienced workers from the Utka plant.

Gradually, not far from the place of extraction, a settlement began to grow, which was called "Pyshminsko-Klyuchevskoy Copper Mine" or simply"Copper mine". Barracks and huts for miners and lumberjacks were built, which stretched out into the first street of the workers' settlement. It was called Pyshminskaya, currently called the street. Syromolotova F. F. Due to the constant flooding of mines with groundwater and the high cost of production, the mine worked very irregularly. In 1875, the development of the deposit was closed, only occasionally resuming gold mining.

First half of the 20th century

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the copper smelter was launched again; by 1907, 6 shaft and two spleiss furnaces were already operating. By this time, 700 people worked in the mining and smelting of copper. In 1910, the industrialist Yakovlev bought the factory from Countess Stenbock-Fermor. In 1916, the production was reconstructed, an additional regenerative furnace was built for smelting semi-finished products and copper ore with a capacity of 100 tons per day. In the first months of 1917, a steam boiler exploded at the mine. The mine was destroyed, as a result of which the mining and smelting of copper was stopped.

During the civil war, the population of Verkhnyaya Pyshma formed a detachment of 200 fighters who fought on the side of the Red Army. In the post-war years, the plant was restored, and it worked for another two years (1924-1926), a reflective shop for processing ores and other production facilities were launched, and copper production began.

In 1929 work began on the construction of the Pyshminsky copper electrolytic plant, two years later an enrichment plant was built, and in 1934 the first anode copper was smelted. ATat present it is OAO "Uralelektromed" - the leading enterprise of the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company. In 1938, the "Copper Mine" was given the status of a workers' settlement and the name Pyshma. According to the all-Union census of 1939, the population reached 12,976 people.

Current State

In 1946, Pyshma became the city of Verkhnyaya Pyshma. In the post-war years, the re-equipment and expansion of the enterprises of the copper-smelting industry continued. The population of Verkhnyaya Pyshma in 1959 reached 30,331 people. The city continued to improve, water supply and natural gas were installed. New schools and hospitals have been opened. New plants have been built, including the Ural Plant of Chemical Reagents. In 1979, the population of Verkhnyaya Pyshma, Sverdlovsk Region, reached 42,698 inhabitants. At the last Soviet census in 1989, 53,102 citizens were counted. In the post-Soviet period, the development of industry continued, new enterprises were built, including a locomotive plant and a non-ferrous metal processing plant. The population of the city of Verkhnyaya Pyshma in 2017 was 69,117 people.