Nizhny Novgorod is a very original city, with its own unique way of life, however, in many respects similar to other large Volga cities. One way or another, he is one of those that Russia is rightfully proud of.
Nizhny Novgorod: location, status
The city is located in the European part of the country, where the Oka and Volga merge. It is the administrative center of the Nizhny Novgorod region, the capital of the Volga Federal District. From 1932 to 1990 it was called Gorky. The population is 1280 thousand people (according to 2009 data, it ranks 5th in the Russian Federation). The largest industrial, transport, scientific and cultural center of the country.
Geographic location of Nizhny Novgorod
Those who are interested in how to find Nizhny Novgorod on the map of Russia should know that the city is located on two banks of the Oka. The river divides it into parts. Its mouth is the geometric center of the East European Plain. On the same latitude as Nizhny Novgorod there are such cities asBratsk, Sergiev Posad, Krasnoyarsk, Yekaterinburg, Rzhev. Nearby cities are: Bogorodsk, Dzerzhinsk, Bor, Kstovo. The area of the Lower is 410 sq. m. On the right bank of the Oka are the famous Dyatlov mountains. One of the parts of the city, located on the right bank, is called Nagornaya. Its height above sea level is 100-200 m. The height of the left bank - Zarechny - 70-80 m, it is more gentle.
Nizhny Novgorod is rightfully called "the city of lakes and rivers". In addition to the Volga and Oka, its territory is crossed by about ten rivers and small rivers. Within the city there are up to thirty lakes, the largest of which is Meshcherskoye (Kanavinsky district). Moscow time is used here. Time zone of the city: UTC + 3, in the summer: UTC + 4. Phone code of Nizhny: +7 831. Automobile: 52-152
History: foundation of the city
The topic "The geographical position of Nizhny Novgorod" is inextricably linked with the question of its historical past. The date of foundation of the city is 1221. Its founder is Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich. Due to its location downstream of Veliky Novgorod, the city was named Nizhny Novgorod. Initially, it was a stronghold in the defense of the Vladimir Principality from enemy raids.
In 1341 it became the capital of the Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod principality. Nizhny Novgorod on the map of Russia in the historical atlas, reflecting the borders of the Russian lands of those times, occupies the territory between the river. Sura in the east, in the southeast and south - r. Drunk and R. Sergei. On the western side, its natural boundary was the Oka. The northern border of the principality was the Kerzhenets River,Vetluga and Unzhi. The remains of fortresses-ostrozhki (served to protect the borders of the principality) are still accessible to tourists.
In the fifteenth century, during the period of centralization of the lands of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod was annexed to the Moscow principality. The significance of the city as a guard outpost of the eastern borders of the Moscow principality was very great. During the preparation of campaigns in Nizhny in those days, troops gathered. In order to strengthen the defensive power, the wooden Kremlin was rebuilt. In its place, a stone one was erected, which became the symbol of Nizhny Novgorod.
Troubled Times
This period is considered an important milestone in the history of the glorious city, and also made changes to the geographical position of Nizhny Novgorod. During the Time of Troubles, a militia center was organized in Nizhny Novgorod, headed by Nizhny Novgorod residents K. Minin and D. Pozharsky. Thanks to the militia, Moscow was liberated from the Polish invaders who captured the capital.
In the 17th century, marked by a church schism, Old Believers settled in the vicinity of Nizhny Novgorod on the banks of the Kerzhenets River and others. Outstanding church leaders of that era were born on Nizhny Novgorod land - Patriarch Nikon and Archpriest Avvakum, who took different positions in this schism.
In 1719, during the reforms of Peter I, Nizhny Novgorod received the status of a provincial city.
19th century: booming economy and trade
The favorable geographical position of Nizhny Novgorod was the reason that in the 19th century the rapid development of the economy began hereand trade. It is associated with the fact that during this period, the largest in terms of its turnover, the famous fair was transferred from Makariy to Nizhny Novgorod. Since then, the city began to be called the "pocket of Russia." In the villages adjacent to Nizhny Novgorod, Kanavino and Sormovo, which later became part of the city, industry was actively developed. In the 19th century (60s) a railway was built here. In 1896, the first car appeared.
The active development of the economy has affected the population of the region. The number of residents of Nizhny Novgorod increased significantly from the beginning of the 19th century (14 thousand) to 1913 (111 thousand).
Bitter
The provinces were abolished by the Soviet government. The city was transformed into the center of the Nizhny Novgorod region. In 1932, Nizhny Novgorod, in honor of the famous writer-countryman M. Gorky, received his name. At the same time, GAZ began its work, an automobile plant, which is now the largest enterprise in the city. In the 30s of the 20th century, industry in the city developed especially rapidly. By 1941 (the beginning of the Great Patriotic War) Gorky became the largest industrial center of the Soviet Union. By the end of the 30s, the population of the city had increased to 643 thousand people.
War
During the war, a huge amount of ammunition and military equipment was produced in Gorky. The famous GAZ has turned into one of the largest defense industry facilities.
In the years after the war, Gorky was developed as a scientific, industrial, cultural and transport center.
Lower Today
In the early 90sThe population of the city reached 1,435,000 people. (4th place in the Russian Federation). In 1990, Nizhny Novgorod was returned to its historical name. This was the beginning of the newest period of its history.
Today Nizhny Novgorod is a giant center for the development of industry, information technology, education and science. The city attracts numerous tourists with its cultural, historical and architectural monuments. By decision of UNESCO, Nizhny Novgorod was included in the honorary list of one hundred cities of the planet with great historical and cultural significance.
Administrative-territorial structure
Oka divides Nizhny Novgorod into 2 parts. Officially they are called Nagorny and Zarechny administrative districts. The modern administrative structure of Nizhny Novgorod was finally formed in 1970. Today the city is divided into 8 districts. The Nagorny District is made up of three districts: Sovetsky, Nizhny Novgorod and Prioksky. Zarechny includes Sormovsky, Kanavinsky, Leninsky, Avtozavodsky and Moskovsky districts.
Nizhny Novgorod, divided in two by the Oka, has other traditional names. It consists of two parts, according to its inhabitants, - the “upper” (it is also the “city”) and the “lower”. So in the language of Nizhny Novgorod two city shores are called.
Thirteen settlements are included in the named districts: the villages of Blizhneye Konstantinovo, Beshentsevo, Kuznechikha, Mordvintsevo, Lyakhovo, Olgino, Novaya, Novopokrovskoye, Podnovye (sloboda); settlements: Luch and Berezovaya Poyma, "Prigorodny" (uchkhoz), Green City (resort settlement).
The largest of the districts is Avtozavodsky, and the smallest in area and characterized by the highest population density is the Leninsky district.
Center
A typical representative of the district is the Nizhny Novgorod region. Almost the entire territory of the district is occupied by the city historical center. Nizhny Novgorod has the right to be proud of its sights. Among them, there are some that deserve special attention.
For a long time the center (Nizhny Novgorod hospitably invites guests here) consists of several parts:
- Kremlin (located on Clock Hill).
- Verkhny Posad (adjacent to the Kremlin from the south).
- Nizhny Posad (located on the banks of the Oka and Volga rivers).
- Zapochainye (the opposite bank of the Pochaina River to Upper Posad).
- Scallop (on Yarilina Mountain).
- New Construction (south of Bolshoi Ostrog).
- Sloboda: Panskaya, Blagoveshchenskaya, Soldierskaya, Akulinin.
The Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, equipped with numerous watchtowers, is especially popular with tourists. On its territory is the Archangel Michael Cathedral, built in the middle of the 16th century. Central square - pl. Minin and Pozharsky - occupies the Dmitrovskaya Tower, the "main entrance" to the Kremlin. St. starts nearby. Bolshaya Pokrovskaya, which is a favorite place for walking for city guests and Nizhny Novgorod residents.
Central streets of the Nizhny Novgorod region, Minin Square, Bolshaya Pokrovskaya, Fedorovsky embankment andVerkhne-Volzhskaya is not only pleasing to the eye, but can also tell a lot about the history of the city. The famous Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, the Chkalov Stairs, the Comedy Theatre, the Opera and Ballet Theatre, the Drama Theater are just some of the sights that attract numerous tourists every day.
Nizhny Novgorod region is the main site for the construction of luxury housing. The prestige of the area and its high cost have become the reason that the cost of housing here reaches 130 thousand rubles. per square meter. This is almost twice the average price in the city. The most expensive is housing in the historical center. It is especially appreciated on the Verkhne-Volzhskaya embankment: from the windows of its houses a magnificent view of the Volga opens. There are new buildings in the area equipped with an intelligent communications management system, electronic access system, video surveillance, penthouses, climate control, etc.
On the streets a little further from the center, you can find quality, but more affordable housing. The price of a square meter in some residential complexes of the district is from 38,000 rubles.
Sormovo
The construction of the lower part of the city took place later. All areas here appeared and rebuilt around industrial centers - factories. The lower part is originally "working" Nizhny Novgorod. The Sormovsky district, famous for its labor dynasties, and others included in the Zarechny administrative district, were designed and built up in order to ensure the smooth operation of enterprises. All the necessary benefits became available to residents within the district: housing and garage cooperatives were organized, departmental shops, swimming pools, etc. were opened.
The older generation, the indigenous inhabitants of the Sormovskiy district, the so-called Sormovites, whose life from youth to gray hair is devoted to working at enterprises, remember that every morning the district was woken up by factory calls, and workers began to converge on the factories from the very outskirts.
There were times when the need to move people between districts, including between opposite river banks, was minimized. Today, universal motorization ensures the smooth movement of people from the upper part of the city to the lower one and vice versa.
Sormovsky district became part of Nizhny Novgorod in 1928. Prior to that, he belonged to the Balakhna region, in addition, for some time he was in the status of an autonomous city. The center of the district is represented by the giant of shipbuilding - the Krasnoye Sormovo plant. This is the largest enterprise in Russia, producing submarines, bulk carriers, and, in wartime, tanks.
Sormovo has: a park, libraries, a cinema, shopping and entertainment centers, good transport interchange. A feature of the area is that next to the colorful shop windows and modern buildings of shopping centers in the immediate vicinity are two-story wooden "working" barracks of the 19th century. The main buildings are 5- and 9-storey buildings erected in the middle of the 20th century. The area is attractive above allthe opportunity to purchase housing, which is the most affordable in the city.
According to analysts, the streets of Nizhny Novgorod, where there are houses with the cheapest apartments (from 28,000 rubles per square meter), are located precisely in Sormov. This is st. Planetary and Dubravnaya. But it should be borne in mind that they are located on the very outskirts of the city. Housing here is of rather poor quality. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that this microdistrict is surrounded by a railway. Having settled here, you will need to stand idle in traffic jams at railway crossings every morning.
Moskovsky district
In the north with Sormovsky district, and in the south - with Kanavinsky borders Moskovsky district. Nizhny Novgorod is justly proud of its glorious heroic history. The district plays an equally glorious and significant role in the modern life of the city.
Berezovaya floodplain, which is part of it, strongly elongates the borders of the district from west to east. In the northeast, its territory borders on the Volga River. The number of inhabitants here is more than 12 thousand people (according to 2012 data). The area of the district is 3 thousand hectares, population density: about 46 people per 1 ha. The district got its name from Moskovskoye Shosse, a street that is part of the Federal Highway.
A feature of the Moscow region is a significant concentration of uninterruptedly operating scientific and industrial enterprises producing equipment for submarines, aircraft, etc. These are plants: machine-building, aviation (Sokol), the leading Russian design organization of nuclear engineering - OKBM im. Afrikantova and others. Employees of these enterprises settle here, as well as those who need affordable housing in a fairly calm area with developed infrastructure.
For entertainment in the Moscow region there are a park of culture and recreation, the Polet stadium, the Limpopo zoo, the largest in the city, where families with children come together.
Housing here is presented in all its diversity, but the well-known Khrushchev houses still prevail. New houses are not being built very actively. The cost of housing in the area - from 38 thousand rubles.
Trade, infrastructure and transport, culture and education are developed in the region.
Street names
Streets of Nizhny Novgorod keep historical memory in a number of their names. For example, the name of the street Scree (now Piskunova) comes from the word "scree" (mound) and reminds of the fortifications that were built here. Bolshaya, Malaya and 3rd Yamskaya were named after the Yamskaya Sloboda, where coachmen have long lived. The names of the streets Kovalikha, Kuznechikha, Pryadilnaya, Kanatnaya, Torgovaya and others came from the occupations of their inhabitants. Based on the names of st. Noble (October) and Meshchanskaya (Brothers Matusov) is a class status. The names of the streets were also given in accordance with the names of the Orthodox churches located near: Alexander Nevsky, Pokrovskaya (Big and Small), Tikhonovskaya, Varvarskaya Alekseevskaya, Rozhdestvenskaya, etc. In the Soviet years, the streets were also named after revolutionaries: Sverdlov, Figner, Volodarsky, Dzerzhinsky and others.
Postal codes
Indices of Nizhny NovgorodYou can find out by contacting the postal staff or by opening the "Unified List of City Postal Codes" on the website. Here you can find out not only the data of city streets. The section "Indexes of Nizhny Novgorod" will also provide information on the settlements that are part of the city. Users should be aware that the indexes of intra-city settlements are listed first, followed by streets with numbers in their names and streets arranged alphabetically.
Distance to Moscow
Many are interested in the question, what is the distance from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod. Sources give somewhat conflicting answers. So, some give data that if you drive along the highway, the distance from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod is 421 km, in a straight line the length of the path can be reduced (402 km). It takes 6 hours 21 minutes to overcome the segment of the journey between Nizhny Novgorod and Moscow by car. In countries where a non-metric system of measures is adopted (distance is measured in miles), - 262 miles. Others report that this distance for driving is 419 km. Travel time - 5 hours 42 minutes. The length of the air path is 400 km. Time - 40 min. Still others have calculated that the shortest route from Nizhny to Moscow is 413 km. This path lies through the city of Vladimir. By car, it can be overcome in 6 hours and 15 minutes. But if you go around Vladimir, this distance will become 3 km longer. It will be 416 km, while the travel time will be reduced by about 25 minutes.
Distance to St. Petersburg
No less relevant is the question of what is the distance from Nizhny Novgorod to St. Petersburg. Distance fromNizhny Novgorod to St. Petersburg, as many travelers assure, is: along the highway - 1,126 km, in a straight line - 896 km. The time to cover this distance by car is 16 h 01 min. According to the non-metric system of measurements, the distance from St. Petersburg to Nizhny Novgorod is 700 miles.
