Russia is an amazing, majestic and multifaceted country, amazing with the beauties of nature. Every corner of our country is a true abode of various representatives of flora and fauna. The flora and fauna of Russia is represented in the vast expanses of the taiga, in the royal mountains of the Urals, in the crystal waters of lakes and seas. In terms of quantity and diversity, the inhabitants of the wild nature of Russia are several times superior to European ones.
From tundra to forest: diversity of flora
In such an extremely large country as Russia, the flora is presented in an extraordinary variety. The tundra is rich in mosses and shrubs. In its southern part, you can find a fairly large number of dwarf birches and willows, low grasses, cranberries, bilberries and blueberries. Closer to the north, the advantage of lichens and mosses increases. The harsh taiga is represented by such types of plants that are able to withstand the cold. Best for harsh environmentspines, firs, spruces, Siberian maples and larches are adapted. Broad-leaved maple, linden, and aspen grow in the southern part of the taiga. Due to the lack of lighting, moss covers the soil of the taiga. Also here you can find shrubs of plants such as currant, honeysuckle, juniper.
In the forest-steppe zone of such a huge country as Russia, the flora is rich in broad-leaved forests. Oak, birch, aspen, maple grow here. In the steppe zone, you can find feather grass, fescue, and wormwood. The shrub family is represented by spirea and caragan. Lichens and mosses grow in extremely large numbers. Due to the fact that most of the steppe is plowed up, there is very little local vegetation left.
Very rich flora is characteristic of the Far Eastern region of our country. Among the trees and shrubs, plants such as Mongolian oak, linden, and maple predominate. A unique feature of local forests is vines, which include lemongrass, vineyards, actinidia.
Oak and beech forests are represented in the Caucasus, and there you can also find Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean species of pine, juniper, Pitsunda pine.
The Amur Basin is one of the richest biomes in a country like Russia. The flora here, unlike the rest of the southern borders of the country, has no barriers to the settlement of various representatives of the flora.
Arctic zone
The Arctic and the tundra have their own isolatedfloristic and faunal complexes. They are distinguished by originality in ecological terms, as they inhabit habitats that are extreme in terms of conditions. Plants are characterized by a very short growing season, which is due to sudden changes in light, frozen ground and low temperatures. The Arctic tundra is dominated by flora species such as mosses, lichens, and shrubs.
Polar oasis
This is the nickname given to the Ione Islands, where an extremely large number of flowering plants grow, which paint the meadows with colorful colors. Also here you can find fern thickets, a variety of mosses. In places where sea gulls accumulate, the soil is well fertilized, so the vegetation is distinguished by many types: large-flowered chamomile, cold eyebright, sorrel, ranunculus and others.
Relevance of the issue of conservation of species diversity
Despite its we alth, Russia's flora and fauna constantly faces obstacles that threaten the extinction of some of its representatives. This fact overshadows pride in such an abundance and diversity of flora and fauna. Many species of plants and animals cause great commercial excitement among poachers. Karelian birch, the most expensive source of wood material in the world, is under threat. Sable, squirrel and mink have expensive fur, as a result of which they are subjected to mass slaughter. Greed and greed of people daily reducesnumber of plants and animals. In view of this, the protection of the flora of Russia is currently an extremely topical issue. Everyone should appreciate the natural heritage of our country. Day by day, the plant resources of the world and Russia are declining, so it is necessary to prevent their destruction in every possible way.
Nature conservation measures
In order to preserve the diversity of the flora and fauna of Russia, as well as rare and endangered species of plants and animals, a number of laws and regulations on environmental protection have been adopted in our country. Effective measures have been developed to curb the activities of poachers and punish violators. Particularly effective in the matter of nature protection are the existing reserves and sanctuaries. To date, there are about one hundred and fifty such protected areas. They allow you to save rare species of plants and animals in their natural habitat.
By systematizing data on typical representatives of different climatic zones, we can generalize the information.
The flora of Russia: table
|
Name plant group |
Typical Representatives |
| Tundra | Cloudberry, moss, dwarf trees: birch and willow, blueberry, polar poppy |
| Forests | Larch, cedar, pine, birch, aspen, maple |
| Steppe zone | Iris, feather grass, tulip, |
| Deserts, semi-deserts | Camel thorn, saxaul, wormwood, horns |
Thus, due to the huge spatial difference in a country like Russia, the flora is presented in a wide variety. In terms of species abundance, the inhabitants of flora and fauna significantly exceed the countries of Europe.
