Compliance with the principle of territorial division of labor is one of the key factors in organizing an efficient production process. Understanding the need for rational distribution of capacities in the context and industry specifics led to the development of special forms of organization of labor activity. On this basis, the concept of a territorial production complex (TPC) was created, in accordance with which it was supposed to unite several enterprises closely connected by a common infrastructure.
The concept of the production complex
The very idea of the production complex arose as a result of the desire to optimize workerstechnological processes. In practice, optimization of this kind became possible when business leaders began to identify entire groups of repetitive combinations with the same type of combinations of operations and auxiliary (parallel) processes within the same production. Thus, it was concluded that the capacities of enterprises, in principle, can be combined not only on the basis of industry orientation or products. An efficient energy production cycle with a certain set of operations can serve several enterprises simultaneously, using the same sources of raw materials and producing conditional billets or energy of the same type with sufficient demand at the target points of consumption.
Definition of TPK
Taking into account the above optimization tasks, it is possible to formulate the concept of a territorial production complex - this is a group of several industries that are located nearby, have a common technological infrastructure, a single set of energy and raw materials sources, and sometimes a common control center. That is, the processes of integration, merging and unification are the main ones for the formation of the TPC. But even if these processes are in place, the key condition must be met that this organizational format will really help achieve the planned economic effect.
Principles of formation of territorial production complexes
Initially, TPK was considered purely as a way of spatial organization of capacities and labor forces, on the platformwhich the activity was carried out. Then, on the basis of this concept, a number of principles for organizing production structures of this type were formed, the main ones among which can be formulated as follows:
- Management is provided in accordance with the economic needs of the region of location. It is important not to forget that the form of the territorial production complex is primarily an organizational way to improve economic performance. Another thing is that today taking into account economic factors means the formation of a certain strategy for relationships with customers, investors, partners, competitors, as well as with consumers at the level of marketing research.
- Optimized and rational logistics. We are talking not so much about the usual chains of delivery of raw materials and marketing of finished products, but about the internal structure with the slightest bundles of ongoing technological operations.
- Principle of hierarchy. Coordination and unification of several production groups does not at all mean the horizontality of their relationship. Subordination and distribution of managerial responsibilities is one of the most important conditions for the effective operation of the WPK.
- The mechanism of the completed functioning of the complex as an integral system. The same growth in economic indicators is largely achieved through the reduction of large logistics chains. This is due precisely to the independence of the enterprise from counterparties.
TPK Appointment
The purpose of the creation of the TPK isachievement of a certain economic effect, which, in turn, can be used both for the further development of production capacities and for the fulfillment of certain tasks of a regional scale. The latter may consist, for example, in meeting the needs of local residents in a particular product. In addition, the territorial production complex is one of the main trends in the development of organization and management systems in a variety of institutional formations, where, in principle, industrial production technologies can be applied. That is, we can talk about the complex impact of the created structure on the technological, socio-administrative and economic development of the region.
TPK classifications
The main features of the TPK classification include:
- Territorial. It is supposed to be divided according to the level of geographical coverage, one way or another, involved in the production processes of industrial and production complexes. On a territorial basis, in particular, district, city and regional enterprises of this type are distinguished.
- Industry. Indicates that the TPK belongs to a particular industrial sector or to the national economy as a whole.
- Functional. Defines the nature of the production process - service, scientific and technological, processing, full cycle process, etc.
Signs of TPK
At different levelsdevelopment of the TPK has similar features with other forms of organization of production, so it is worth separately identifying a number of special features that reflect the essence of complexes of this type:
- Rational use of local resources, not necessarily natural and technological.
- Interdependence of enterprises included in the territorial production complex. This means that production facilities are interconnected not only by formal belonging to a single control center with property rights, but also by technological processes within the framework of common activities.
- Limited integration. Unlike clusters, TPCs cannot expand indefinitely as resources and organizational capacities are exhausted. In this case, the lack of sufficient infrastructural development and the commonality of technological processes with potential absorption targets also acts as a fundamental constraint.
TPK design
It can be said that this is the planning stage, during which issues are worked out not only of an organizational and managerial, but also of a technical nature, aimed at creating a working map for the structural arrangement of the territorial production complex. The creation of a project is usually carried out in three directions of development:
- A program of environmental protection measures is being drawn up with zoning and development of rules for the operation of the territory from an environmental point of view.
- The scheme of technologicalevents for which the production complex will be arranged.
- An infrastructure scheme is being developed with logistics, engineering and communication channels for interaction between enterprises.
Construction of TPK
Several large regional corporations that have sufficient experience, technological and resource base may be involved in the implementation of the project. As a rule, the construction of large territorial production complexes is carried out in stages, starting with the creation of a transport infrastructure and ending with the equipping of ready-made workshop sites with equipment. For each enterprise, the nature and set of construction activities will be individual, even taking into account the fact that production lines are oriented towards the production of products of the same type. Also, when constructing new facilities of the future complex, today more and more often they rely on the possibility of the nearest modernization of enterprises - mainly in terms of technological support.
Conclusion
Without a developed industrial infrastructure, a modern state cannot fully participate in the global economic process. In Russia, territorial production complexes are quite diverse both in the direction of their activities and in their organizational and structural structure.
The richest, in terms of raw materials, can be attributed to the TPK of Siberia and the Far East, although with large reserves of fuel and energy resources in these regionsthere is a shortage of staff. And the reverse picture appears in the European part of the country, where, in the presence of qualified labor resources, there is a limited supply of raw materials or fuel. If we talk about the specialization of Russian TPK, then machine-building, fuel and energy, metallurgical, agro-industrial and timber industry organizations stand out mainly.
