In accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On countering terrorism", in the event of emergencies in a certain territory, the CTO regime (counter-terrorist operation regime) is introduced.
In the course of carrying out the envisaged actions on the designated area, a number of restrictive measures are allowed.
The CTO regime is a special legal regime that is established with the aim of suppressing a terrorist act, minimizing its consequences and ensuring the protection of people in a certain given territory.
On determining WHO in different countries
The federal law of the Russian Federation interprets CTO as a complex of special, military, operational-combat and other actions involving the use of weapons, military equipment and special equipment, carried out to prevent terrorist acts, neutralize terrorists and protect the population.
Blaws of different countries:
- Belarus, Ukraine - "On the fight against terrorism";
- Kazakhstan, Tajikistan - "On countering terrorism", -
as well as unrecognized states:
PMR (Transnistria), DPR (Donetsk People's Republic) - "On countering terrorism", - the definition of CTO is somewhat different in wording, being essentially identical
About armed clashes called: WHO
Modern history mentions relatively recent armed clashes. In the territories where they occurred, the CTO regime was introduced at different times:
- 1999 - 2009 - war in Chechnya;
- 2001 - 2014 war in Afghanistan;
- 2008 - operation "Gartal" in Azerbaijan.
CTO mode today
Today there are several so-called "hot spots" where the CTO regime is applied:
- 2009 - armed conflict in the North Caucasus;
- 2011 - conflict in Temir region;
- starting from 2014 - armed conflict in Ukraine (in the eastern territories);
- starting from 2015 - the operation of the Russian military in Syria.
What is envisaged by the introduction of the CTO regime?
In the Russian Federation, the law provides for the use of special measures when introducing a special legal regime:
- checking documents of persons located in the designated territory;
- limiting the stay of individuals at certain facilities or territories;
- forced evacuation fromdesignated sections of means of transport;
- strengthening the protection of public order and critical facilities;
- control of telephone conversations, telecommunications;
- search for necessary information on electronic and postal channels;
- seizure of vehicles belonging to organizations (in urgent cases - and individuals) for the provision of medical care, prosecution of suspected terrorists, if delay is fraught with a real danger to someone's life or he alth (this paragraph does not apply to vehicles, which belong to foreign and international organizations, consulates, diplomatic missions, reimbursement of related expenses is established by the government of the Russian Federation);
- temporary cessation of production of chemical, biological hazardous explosives, radioactive substances;
- temporary suspension (restriction) of access to networks and means of communication;
- temporary resettlement of persons living in a dangerous area, with the provision of housing for them;
- necessary quarantine (sanitary, anti-epidemic, veterinary) measures;
- minimize vehicle and foot traffic;
- ensuring the unimpeded entry of competent persons into territories owned by individuals or organizations;
- examination of individuals, as well as their belongings, at the entrance (entrance) to the territory of CTO, including using the necessary technical means;
- imposition of a ban (restriction) on the trade in weapons, explosives and poisonoussubstances, a special regime for the sale of medicines, as well as alcoholic products.
After the termination of the regime, restrictive measures are canceled.
Who introduces the WHO regime?
The federal law of the Russian Federation stipulates that the CTO regime can be declared on any territory, without limiting its length.
The introduction of a special legal regime, according to the Law, is decided by the director of the FSB or the heads of the territorial bodies of the service.
About the incident in the south of Dagestan
According to RIA Novosti, the KTO regime in Dagestan has been introduced for the third time since the beginning of the year in March.
Against the backdrop of the aggravated armed conflict, CTO activities now cover the entire Derbent region (south of the republic). According to reports from the operational headquarters, the security forces are searching for militants and their accomplices.
At the beginning of the year, the KTO regime operated in three districts: Suleiman-Stalsky, Khiva, Tabasaran.
The reason was the armed incidents: in January, near the Naryn-Kala fortress, an armed attack was made on the inhabitants, after a while the militants fired at the police squad, and the attackers fled, wounding one policeman. In early February, a village teacher was kidnapped in the Tabasaran region. During the search work, the police entered into a shootout with the kidnappers, the latter managed to escape. The teacher was found alive, he was inflicted with a gunshotinjury.
A suicide bomber blew himself up on a bridge near the village of Dzhemikent, killing two security officials and injuring about 20 people.
Two militants were killed in a skirmish near the village of Netyug.
During the operation of the CTO, the police carried out passport checks, in addition, the security forces fired at the gorge outside the village.
The intensification of the conflict in South Dagestan is associated with increased suppression of the activities of the Salafi community (representatives of a radical movement in Islam). In the south of the republic today there is a large concentration of Salafis who came from other regions.
Military clashes in the southern parts of the republic are also associated with the activities of the IS, which in the Russian Federation is banned by the court as a terrorist organization.
On armed clashes in Kabardino-Balkaria
According to RIA Novosti, armed clashes with militants collaborating with ISIS flare up in Kabardino-Balkaria from time to time.
Since November last year, the CTO regime has been repeatedly introduced in Nalchik, the capital of the republic. A special legal regime operated on the territory limited by several streets: public order was heavily guarded, documents were checked.
During the CTO, the security forces managed to eliminate the leader of the gang who swore allegiance to ISIS and two of his accomplices.
The militants were trapped inside a private house. The mother of one of the terrorists was with them as a hostage. The police evacuated the residents and blocked all traffic. On the offer to surrender, the criminals startedshooting. In the end, the negotiators managed to free the hostage. After the ensuing firing, the special forces blew up the building, the criminals died during the explosion.
During the operation, a special forces soldier was seriously wounded, who was urgently operated on at a local hospital.
Restrictions imposed for the duration of the counterterrorist operation were lifted in connection with the elimination of the danger to life, he alth, property and other legally protected interests of people.
