The Turukhansky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the most sparsely populated regions of Russia and the world. The climate is severe, and nature is represented by taiga in the south and tundra with forest-tundra in the north. The population in the region is extremely low. There is no developed transport connection. Reindeer husbandry, typical for the northern regions of Russia, is poorly developed, much inferior to hunting and gathering. Nevertheless, significant reserves of fuel, mineral and biological resources are concentrated in the region. The extraction of some of them is planned to begin in the near future. In the energy sector, hydropower has been the main development. Turukhansk region was a source of creative inspiration for some domestic writers and musicians.
Geographic location
The Turukhansky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is located in the north-west of this region on the territory of the Russian Federation. Administrativethe center is the settlement of Turukhansk, which is 1100 kilometers away from the city of Krasnoyarsk. In total, there are 34 settlements in the Turukhansk region.
History and demographics
For a long time, the Turukhansk region remained an absolutely wild and unexplored place. It was only at the beginning of the 17th century that Russian geographers visited it for the first time. The beginning of the development of the district is considered to be 1607, when the first stronghold was founded, which was located near the confluence of the Yenisei and Turukhan rivers. In 1708 it received the name Turukhansk. By this time, it was already an urban-type settlement, which became the center of development and trade at the regional level.
In 1822, the Turukhansk region became part of the newly formed administrative unit, which became known as the Yenisei province. In total, it included 5 districts. Since 1898, the Yenisei province was abolished and divided into counties. From now on, she loses her official status.
At the moment, the Turukhansk Territory has an area of about 200,000 km22 and is one of the main regions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. It is still characterized by a very low population size and density - only 0.087 people/km2. The main nationalities whose representatives live in the region are the Kets, Evenks and Selkups. Due to the low standard of living and the prevalence of alcoholism, the average life expectancy of indigenous people is onlyabout 40 years old. Gigantic unemployment is widespread in the region, and most of the unemployed are not registered with employment centers.
At the moment, the head of the Turukhansk district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is Oleg Igorevich Sheremetyev.
Natural conditions
The Turukhansk region of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is located in the western part of Eastern Siberia. Natural conditions correspond to the taiga zone. The climate is characterized by pronounced continentality and belongs to the subarctic type. The annual rainfall is 400-500 mm. It is characterized by a negative average annual temperature, as well as severe winter frosts, in which the thermometer can drop to -57 degrees Celsius. The thickness of the snow cover during the winter increases gradually, and in its first half it is often small. This is associated with active freezing of soils, which contributes to the development of permafrost, the thickness of which is 50-200 m.
Geographically, the Turukhansk region can be divided into 2 parts: eastern and western, the border between which runs along the riverbed. Yenisei. The eastern half affects the western part of the Central Siberian Plateau. The maximum height within the area is 1000 m. The western one captures the eastern outskirts of the West Siberian Lowland.
Another natural feature of the region is the pronounced spring flood on the river. Yenisei.
The severity of climatic conditions causes the widespread distribution of taiga forests in the south and tundra with forest-tundra in the north. Despite all this, the regionhas excellent opportunities for the development of economic activities, subject to respect for nature.
Resources
The district has large reserves of various minerals, including fuel and energy, as well as a variety of biological resources.
Reservoirs of the region are the habitat of such commercial fish species as perch, pike, burbot, dace, horned omul, peled, whitefish, vendace. There are also such rare species of fish as sterlet, nelma, taimen and sturgeon. Fishing opportunities amount to thousands of tons of fish per year.
Legal hunting of elk, bear, reindeer, muskrat, furs and other game is allowed in the Turukhansk region. Sable and squirrel production is also possible, but the number of squirrels has been significantly undermined by 50 years of increased fishing.
Turukhansk region is rich in wild fruit plants. It is possible to harvest blueberries, currants (black and red), cloudberries, lingonberries, cranberries on an industrial scale. The reserves of each of the berries range from several tens to several hundred thousand tons. However, the small population and harsh conditions are an obstacle to their mass collection.
Among the mineral deposits, the most important are oil and gas deposits, which are concentrated in the northwestern part of the district. Also promising for development is the manganese deposit in the south and graphite, the extraction of which is planned to begin soon.
Economy
Energy, mining, reindeer herding and hunting are of the greatest importance in the region's economy. MostA large power industry enterprise is the Kureyskaya HPP, which generates approximately 2.5 billion kWh of electricity. Near the station is the village of Svetlogorsk, Turukhansky district, Krasnoyarsk Territory, which is the place of residence of the station workers.
The extraction of natural resources is dominated by the development of the Vankor oil and gas field, as well as the construction of oil and gas pipelines.
Reindeer breeding takes place in the north-west of the district, where the Evenks live. However, the number of deer is only a few hundred individuals. Basically, local residents are engaged in sable hunting, fishing, gathering.
Transportation
The transport network in the Turukhansk region is practically not developed. There are no roads or railways in the region. Helicopters and boats are used as transport to move along the rivers. Movement along the Yenisei is available only 4 months a year, and along its tributaries - no more than a month. Helicopter service is possible from 9 to 12 months during the year.
Education and culture
There are 28 schools in the region, where only about 2,500 students study, 17 kindergartens, taking only about 700 children. In addition, there are 2 additional institutions - the center of children's creativity "Aist" and "Youth".
There are no specialized cultural institutions in the district, but the nature of the district served as a source of inspiration for the writerVyacheslav Shishkov, which was reflected in his novel "Gloom River", for Viktor Astafiev (the work "Tsar Fish"). Turukhansk region is also present in the song genre. The song by Svetlana Piterskaya is a vivid example of creativity dedicated to this region.
Media and periodicals
In the city of Turukhansk, the newspaper "Mayak Severa" is published, which is the official media outlet of the Turukhansk region. The year of foundation of the newspaper is 1932. Then it was called "Turukhansk fisherman-hunter". A little later, it was renamed "Northern Collective Farmer". The current name of the newspaper acquired in the late fifties of the 20th century. Now it also has an electronic version on the Internet.
