Unfortunately, in today's world, the threat of terrorism is acquiring enormous proportions. Russia, like a number of foreign states, was directly affected by this problem. Today, kidnappings, hijackings of planes, explosions in public places are by no means rare phenomena. At the same time, terrorists, as a rule, justify their actions with religious dogmas, which they interpret for the sake of their personal interests. In any case, the above criminal acts are dangerous because they undermine the national security of the country, resulting in the death of hundreds of thousands of innocent people.
Terror in Russia
Terrorist activity has been going on in our country for many years. If we talk about modern Russia, then the most terrible and egregious crimes are associated with the Chechen company of the 90s and the activities of regional separatists.
The geography of terror in Russia is very wide. Even the metropolitan metropolis has repeatedly suffered at the hands of extremist criminals.
The scale of the atrocities
Terrorists committed subversive activities both in Moscow and inVolgodonsk and Ryazan. They started it after the house in Buynaksk was destroyed. A series of terrorist attacks in Moscow in 1999 included blowing up residential buildings on Guryanov Street, on Kashirskoye Highway. This should also include a crime committed in the center of the capital, namely, in the Okhotny Ryad shopping center. In Volgodonsk and Ryazan, the terrorists also planted bombs in residential buildings. As a result, a huge number of civilians died, and this fact was an ironclad reason for the federal center to intervene in the internal affairs of Chechnya and restore order in the republic, although this step was not taken without difficulty.
Crime at Manezhka
Of course, the terrorist attacks in Moscow in 1999 shocked the entire Russian society. The indigenous people and guests of the capital experienced real horror and fear, being afraid to go out into the street. The first explosion took place on August 31, 1999. Who would have thought that criminals would plant an explosive device in the very center of the city, and not just anywhere, but in the Okhotny Ryad shopping mall! The bomb went off at about 8 pm on the third floor, where the children's slot machines were located.
This is how the 1999 Moscow terrorist attacks began. As it turned out later, the criminals planted a high-explosive bomb without a shell. She worked by means of a classic clockwork. The detectives found that a device of 200 grams of TNT was planted in a plastic bottle or urn.
According to experts, the terrorist attacks in Moscow in 1999 crippled the lives of many people: as a result of the crime at Manezhka, only737 people were injured, including life-threatening, and 231 people died.
Investigators are sure that the attackers planned that after the bomb explodes, people will be destroyed not only due to the blast wave and shrapnel, but also carbon monoxide and fire. However, the partitions and walls did not catch fire.
Who is behind the crime
Already a few days after the emergency, it became clear that the crime in Okhotny Ryad was the work of members of the extremist organization Liberation Army of Dagestan. One of its representatives stated that this was not an isolated crime, and the terrorist attacks in Moscow in 1999 would continue until the federal authorities stopped interfering in the affairs of the North Caucasus. This information became known to the France Press agency, whose employee in the capital of the Chechen Republic was told it by phone by a man who introduced himself as Khasbulat.
However, the reaction of the federal law enforcement agencies of Russia did not follow. Only at the end of 2009, the criminals who planted the bomb in Okhotny Ryad were convicted. The initiator of the terrorist act, a certain Khalid Khuguev, went to a colony for 25 years, and his accomplice, Magumadzair Gadzhiakaev, was sentenced to 15 years in prison.
Crime on the street. Gurianova
The next was the terrorist attack in Moscow on Guryanov Street (1999). It happened on the night of September 9th. The criminals planted a bomb, as a result of which two entrances to residential building No. 19 were completely destroyed. 690 people were injured from the explosion, and 100 died. The force of the explosion was more powerful than in the Okhotny Ryad shopping center, the bomb included 350 kilograms of TNT. The initial analysis of the scene of the incident found that, in addition to TNT, RDX was in the explosive device.
The terrorist attack in Moscow in 1999 (Guryanova, 19) also caused a great public outcry. The authorities of the country urgently strengthened security measures in the metropolitan metropolis and other cities. Soon, a sketch of a man who rented a room on the first floor of the house that exploded was shown on television channels. It was a certain Mukhit Laipanov. It was he who fell under the suspicion of law enforcement agencies. A version was put forward that on September 9 (1999) it was he who committed the terrorist attack in Moscow. Investigators began to inspect all non-residential premises located in the territories under their jurisdiction. One way or another, but the terrorist attacks in Moscow in 1999 "gained momentum", and the work of law enforcement agencies increased.
One of the capital's precincts - Dmitry Kuzovov - in the house at the address: Kashirskoe shosse, 6, bldg. No. 3 talked to the owner of the furniture store who was there. It turned out that it was he who was the landlord of the premises rented by Laipanov. He needed it in order to store sugar. But no one could have imagined that it was in such a simple way that criminals would mask an explosive device. The house was built of brick, so it survived the blast.
Notable is the fact that the crime on Guryanov Street andanother terrorist attack in Moscow (1999, Kashirskoe shosse) have the same handwriting.
Crime on the Kashirskoye Highway
Soon, Moscow was subjected to another powerful extremist attack.
In the early morning of September 13, there was an explosion in a residential building located at: Kashirskoye highway, d. No. 6, bldg. 9. As a result of this crime, 121 people died and another 9 were seriously injured. Only five Russians were rescued from the rubble. The power of the explosion reached 300 kilograms of TNT. The terrorist attacks in 1999 in Moscow were monstrous and egregious. Photos of the consequences of these crimes were published on the front pages of the capital's press. The theme of the criminal activities of extremist militants became the main one for the media.
“It was a real hurricane: glass and plaster fell, the apartment filled with carbon monoxide in a matter of minutes, and ruins appeared on the site of an eight-story building,” one of the eyewitnesses notes, talking about the terrorist attack in Moscow (1999) on Kashirka. It should be noted that city services quickly responded to the emergency: within a quarter of an hour, police, doctors and rescuers were on the scene. As many as four cordon rings were installed along the perimeter of the quarter. A lot of work had to be done to clear the rubble, under them the employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations found people, their documents, photographs. In most cases, it was impossible to identify the corpses, because they were disfigured. This sight chilled the soul: eyewitnesses of the terrorist attack thought with horror that their house might be next.
Survivors of the terrorist attack in Moscow (1999) assisted the detectives. ATthe headquarters of the operational-investigative brigade was organized near the school.
Detectives came from all over the metropolitan metropolis to help their colleagues.
Eyewitnesses of the attack testified, according to which, shortly before the tragedy, a white VAZ-2104 car drove off from house No. 6. An interception plan was immediately announced, but this measure did not give positive results.
“The style of this crime is very similar to the events that took place in Buynaksk and on Guryanov Street,” said Deputy Minister of Emergency Situations Vostryakin. As a matter of urgency, a joint group was created, consisting of experienced operatives, investigators, experts from the prosecutor's office, the FSB, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. It was they who were supposed to establish the causes of the incident and the identity of the criminals.
Similarities of crimes
Law enforcement agencies carried out thorough work and were in no hurry to share versions of what happened to the sharks of the pen, referring to the "secrecy of the investigation." Subsequently, they stated that with a high degree of probability it can be stated that the terrorist attacks on Guryanov Street and on Kashirskoye Highway are links in the same chain, since both crimes combine the power of the explosion, the type of explosive device and the method of its detonation. The detectives suggested that the same person committed the above crimes. The bomb in both cases was made using TNT and RDX. They brought an explosive device in ordinary military boxes: the weight of one container was 50 kilograms.
The attacker found by adssmall entrepreneurs who rented non-residential premises in different parts of the city, and offered them to draw up a sublease agreement. To avoid problems with the tax authorities, he paid a fee for several months in advance. Businessmen were satisfied with this scheme of work, and they were not too persistent in finding out the identity of their partner and tried not to advertise a profitable deal for themselves.
As a result, military crates containing an explosive device were brought to Guryanova Street, to the house where the Argument -200 trading and purchasing structure was located.
The offender had to mount a clock retarder and an electric detonator. According to a similar scheme, he acted on the Kashirskoye Highway.
Insurgent identified
Already a few hours after the explosion, law enforcement officers managed to identify the criminal. As already emphasized, it turned out to be a native of the KChR, a certain Mukhit Laipanov. Immediately, the man was put on the wanted list, having previously compiled his identikit. As it turned out later, the criminal was acting under a false name, since the real Laipanov had crashed on a plane in the past, and the terrorist simply used his passport.
Comprehensive investigation into autumn attacks
In early 2000, the Independent published an article that said that the editorial staff was in the hands of the most interesting video material. The cassette shows how a Russian man in uniform, who was captured by Chechen extremists, says that the autumn 1999 terrorist attacks took place afterthe fault of the federal intelligence agencies. As it turned out later, the officer was a certain Alexei G altin, who was an employee of the GRU. The Russian military was captured on the Chechen-Dagestan border. Aleksei said that he did not take direct or indirect part in the laying of explosive devices in the metropolitan metropolis and the Republic of Dagestan. However, he added that he knew some of the details of the preparation of terrorist attacks: the "thread" leads to the FSB and the GRU. G altin gave the names of the intelligence officers who prepared the crimes.
A year after the September tragedies, representatives of the FSB informed the press about the results of the investigation. No new information was said: the same list of suspects, the same versions of what happened. But one piece of news nevertheless appeared: the security officers told about the scheme by which it was possible to trace the route of the criminals. First, TNT and RDX from the Chechen Republic ended up in the village of Mirny (Stavropol Territory), then the explosives were transported to Kislovodsk, and from there to the Russian capital. The first point in Moscow was the Trans-Service company, which was located on Krasnodarskaya Street. It was from this warehouse that the bags were transported to Guryanova Street and Kashirskoye Highway. Attacks were also planned on Borisov Ponds.
In the summer of 2001, in one of the penal colonies of Stavropol, preliminary hearings on the case of the autumn 1999 terrorist attacks that took place in the capital began. There were five people in the dock (all natives of the KChR). Murat and Aslan Bastanov, Muratbi Bairamukov, Taikan Frantsuzov,Muratbi Tuganbaev. The trial was originally supposed to take place in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. However, lawyers for the suspects stated that the case should be considered by a jury, which at that time had not been established in Cherkessk. For this reason, the case was transferred to Stavropol. The process was closed.
In the spring of 2003, the Russian Prosecutor General's Office announced the end of the investigation into criminal cases that were initiated on the facts of the explosion of residential buildings in Volgodonsk and Moscow. As it turned out, most of the suspects were eliminated during the counter-terrorist operation in the Chechen Republic, and the rest were sentenced to life in the capital's regional court.
Conclusion
Perhaps the most terrifying, sinister and monstrous in nature were the terrorist attacks in Moscow in 1999. Putin as president today is doing everything possible to ensure that citizens feel as safe as possible while living in Russia. However, the activity of extremists is gaining momentum, and all over the world. Only together, in close cooperation with other states, can the threat of terrorism be neutralized. To solve this problem, well-coordinated and coordinated work of law enforcement agencies and law enforcement agencies at the international level is necessary.
