Russian philosophy of the 19th century is a variety of domestic political teachings and ideological positions. The century before last gave the world such thinkers as M. A. Bakunin, P. Ya. Chaadaev, I. V. Kireevsky, F. M. Dostoevsky, A. S. Khomyakov, K. S. Aksakov, T. N. Granovsky, A. I. Herzen, L. N. Tolstoy, K. N. Leontiev, V. G. Belinsky, N. V. Fedorov, as well as many other prominent theorists.
Russian philosophy of the 19th century is a reflection of the ideological searches of scientists who belonged to 2 opposite currents - Westernism and Slavophilism. Supporters of the latter direction spoke about the originality of the development of the domestic state, cultivated Orthodoxy, seeing in it a huge potential for the social future of the country. The specificity of this religion, in their opinion, should have allowed it to become a unifying force that would help solve many problems of society.
Political ideas have become a natural continuation of faith in the miraculous power of Orthodoxy. Russian philosophers of the 19th century, who belonged to Slavophilism, considered the monarchical form to be the best option for the development of the domestic state.board. This is not surprising, because the reason for the planting of Orthodoxy in Russia was the need to strengthen the autocracy. Among the supporters of this trend were K. S. Aksakov, I. V. Kireevsky, A. S. Hamsters.
Russian philosophy of the 19th century is also characterized by the political and moral views of Westerners. Supporters of secular atheism and materialism revered the works of Hegel, adhered to democratic views and advocated a radical overthrow of the existing government. Revolutionary sentiments were supported by the followers of this movement to varying degrees, but the idea of overcoming the autocracy and developing socialism was supported to the same extent.
Westerners became the founders of Russian education, advocated the enrichment of national culture. The supporters of this direction also considered the development of science a priority task. In the works of M. A. Bakunina, A. I. Herzen, V. G. Belinsky, N. G. Chernyshevsky reveals these ideas. The vision of each author has its own specifics, but similar thoughts can be traced in the works of theorists.
Russian philosophy of the 19th century is the most valuable layer of Russian history. Today, political and social reality continues to demonstrate vivid examples of the confrontation of concepts that originated more than a century and a half ago.
Knowing the history of the formation and development of ideas that characterized culture in Russia in the 19th century allows us to see in a new light such a phenomenon of modernity as the introduction in schoolsOPK. The supporters of this reform are the current followers of the Slavophiles, and the opposition is the Westernizers of the 21st century. The difference between the state of affairs in the past and today's Russia is that earlier the opposing currents were clearly defined and did not mix. In the present, the phenomena are not so unambiguous: for example, “Slavophile reality” may be hidden behind the Westernist formulation. For example, the “basic law” of the country of Russia proclaims a secular state, which does not prevent representatives of the Orthodox religion from enjoying special privileges.
