"Craft" is a word that has long denoted any occupation, due to which a person lives. Many have heard the expressions "fishery" or "folk craft". How did the meaning of this word develop? What activities does it apply to?
Definition of concept
The first meaning of the word "fishing" is the extraction of something. Often it was used as a synonym for the word "case". It denoted the main occupation of a person, which served as a source of existence for him. It could be hunting, fishing, followed by the sale or exchange of the extracted.
So, there was fishing, sealing, whale and other crafts. But fishing is not necessarily hunting. The word referred to deforestation, mining, as well as various crafts, such as weaving, pottery, wood carving, etc. Thus, the concept means either getting what nature has created, or creating something with your own hands in order to provide for yourself and your family.
"Providing something" meant to engage in fishing. Later, the phrase began to be used in a figurative sense with a negative connotation and meant engaging in fraud or something.vile, reprehensible.
From craft to industry
The oldest crafts are fishing, beekeeping and hunting. In the northern regions, the main means of survival was whaling, hunting for seals, deer and fur-bearing animals. Maral root, ginseng and other medicinal plants, berries and mushrooms were collected in the Far East. Prospecting or gold mining became more and more popular. They were engaged in cone-cutting, weaving, shoemaking, jewelry and blacksmithing, they mined mummy.
Gradually, the volume of production and production increased. In the 19th century, factories and plants arose, replacing single manual labor with machine production. The word "fishing" has grown into "industry". Large mining enterprises have emerged that are engaged in mining, oil production, etc.
Weaving has grown into the textile industry, and shoemaking has grown into shoemaking, carving and woodworking has been reflected in the furniture industry. Despite this, some crafts still remain.
Applied arts
Arts and crafts are called folk craft. It is part of the tradition and culture and often has a narrow regional character, characteristic only for a certain area
An old Russian craft is Gzhel - blue painting of white porcelain. It originated in the villages of the Gzhel volost of the Moscow province in the 18th century. Other well-known Russian folk occupations: Zhostovo trays, Khokhloma, Dymkovo toys, Gorodets wood painting, embroidered Pavlosadov shawls andmaking Tula samovars.
Making nesting dolls has also become a folk craft. The occupation became popular thanks to the artist Malyutin, who showed his invention at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900. The doll is firmly "settled" in Russian culture and is associated with Russia in all countries of the world.
