Energy economics. Economics of energy industries

2024 Author: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-12 02:45

Energy economy plays a special role in the national economy of any state. The assessment should take into account the potential, and not just the current level of development. If we consider the energy situation around the world, then it can be considered relatively safe, since fossil fuel reserves are quite large.

What are the features?

The economy of the energy industries has its own technological features that distinguish it from other sectors of economic activity. It requires a systematic approach to the study of features, from the extraction of fuel resources to the production process. As a result, a whole fuel and energy complex is formed.

Practically all industrial enterprises of industries interact with each other and are more dependent on energy structures. Each party seeks to achieve maximum profit. Their main goal is to provide qualityfunctioning of technological equipment with minimal energy costs to obtain competitive products.

Contradictions often arise between the parties, which are exacerbated due to insufficient elaboration of basic issues. Therefore, the problem of restructuring the organizational structure to create a competitive environment and analyze market mechanisms is becoming increasingly relevant.

What acts as a product?

In the energy economy, you have to deal with a special kind of commodity. It cannot be seen or touched. This is energy. The generated power is influenced by the mode of consumption. For example, it will not be possible to produce electricity in a larger volume than is currently needed. It cannot be stored in warehouses. You can only accumulate small amounts.

Such goods in economic activities cannot be considered incomplete. The production and transmission of electrical energy cannot be divided into two separate categories. The main characteristics of the product is quality. It must meet the points of GOST 13109-97.

Fixed assets

In the energy economy, special attention is paid to the production assets of the enterprise. They are the means of the organizational structure, expressed in material form. Allocate fixed and working capital. Such a division is associated with their role directly in production.

The main production assets are involved in the process of creating we alth. They areparticipate in the production itself or provide normal conditions for its functioning. The basic elements of any energy enterprise are hydraulic, boiler-turbine or similar equipment. It accounts for most of the cost.

The differences between energy and industrial funds lie in a more significant ratio of power equipment and facilities. Therefore, economics and management in the energy sector require a different approach. During operation, production backgrounds lose their quality characteristics over time, that is, their cost gradually decreases. Equipment wear and tear.

Energy is one of the industries with high growth rates of technological progress. In this regard, it largely depends on the depreciation of existing capacities. Of particular importance is the establishment of optimal terms of operation of technical resources. The feasibility of reconstruction and replacement should be based on the ratio of additional costs and losses.

Cost of products

In the energy economy, one cannot help but face the calculation of the cost of production. The final price is determined in monetary units, taking into account not only material, but also labor costs directly for production, transportation and marketing.

The cost of production can be of four types:

1. Shop. In this case, only those expenses that were spentjust one branch of the enterprise.
2. General factory. This amount is the sum of the costs of the workshop and general production costs.
3. Commercial. With this option, the costs of manufacturing and selling products are linked.
4. Industry. Characterized by average costs in a particular area of economic activity.

The cost reflects labor, financial and material costs, so this indicator plays a crucial role in analyzing the performance of an enterprise.

Tasks of the energy economy in Russia

The energy sector is of particular importance for the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. The main goal is to develop the industry in the field of innovation and smooth functioning. The adopted strategy includes several important tasks.

1. Ensuring a high level of security and reasonable demand for energy resources.
2. Formation of an innovative sector within the state, characterized by maximum efficiency.
3. Conducting a successful integration of the entire industry directly into the world system.
4. Achieving environmental efficiency of the fuel and energy complex.
5. Formation of a stable institutional environment in the entire Russian energy sector.

To implement the listed tasks and achieve the main priorities, a scenario-situational model is used, which implies an integrated approach to planning. She isis based on the geopolitical and macroeconomic interests of the country, as well as the real situation in this sector.

Nuclear Economics

Investments in nuclear energy can be justified from an economic point of view only in two cases:

• if prices do not exceed those set for alternative production options;
• if the demand is large enough to sell the resulting energy at a price well above cost.

In the 70s. of the last century, nuclear energy was considered a promising direction, as oil and coal prices were growing rapidly. However, ten years later, it became clear that such reasoning is erroneous. Demand for electricity has plummeted, and the cost of conventional fuel has even begun to decline slightly.

Final part

For the development of the energy economy in any state, it is necessary to regularly analyze the acquired knowledge and improve it, as well as set certain tasks and try to solve them in the most effective ways. Economic experience and a systematic approach to solving problems related to energy complexes is a prerequisite.