Today, more than ever, the issue of environmental protection is becoming relevant and vital. As the heroine of a well-known film comedy said, "man must be protected from man." Nature also needs to be protected from the results of human activities. Water occupies a special place among natural resources.
Water objects under special protection
Water is the basis of human life, nourishes the earth, plants, fruits and seeds; without it, no life on Earth is conceivable. That is why water resources and objects are taken under state protection, and special regulations have been established for them.
All sources and objects of water supply, water supply are subject to protection. The buffer zone is envisaged as one of the guarantees of clean surface and ground waters. The purpose of state protection in this area is not only to prevent pollution of water sources, but also to preserve the purity, natural chemical composition of water, ensuresafety of domestic and industrial water consumption.
Special legislation
The law provides for the protection of water resources at all levels, from the Water Code, the profile law on drinking water, and ending with by-laws: Rules for the use of water supply and sewerage systems in settlements, State urban planning regulations of 1992 and others acts of executive power.
A special regulatory act in this area is the Sanitary Norms and Rules "Sanitary Protection Zones for Water Supply Sources and Drinking Water Pipelines. SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02", approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on February 26, 2002
Protection of water bodies is inextricably linked with land legal relations, because water resources are inseparable from soil and soils of various depths. The water pipeline, the security zone of which passes through the land, becomes its integral part: such a relationship with the land is the basis for qualifying illegal acts in this area and assigning a measure of responsibility.
The Basic Law also provides for the citizen's right to a safe environment, which the state must guarantee.
What are water supply and sewerage protection zones
Each structure must be designed in advance. When constructing sketches of any objects - pipelines, treatment facilities, buildings, residential buildings andother buildings - a water supply security zone is necessarily provided. How many meters it is depends on the quality of the soil. The security zone is a normatively established distance from a water body to the nearest building and is designed to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological reliability of water pipelines.
The project of sanitary protection zones is coordinated with the sanitary and epidemiological service and includes:
- delimitation of belts of the sanitary zone;
- list of engineering measures for landscaping;
- description of special treatment in each lane.
Storage of materials, installation of equipment, construction of any structures, including temporary ones, are prohibited in protected areas: any such action can not only pollute water bodies, but also create an additional load on pipelines. Such unauthorized constructions hinder the free access of operating organizations that are obliged to eliminate accidents on networks and repair water pipes.
The security zone implies the restriction of any economic activity, including construction: the placement of structures in violation of the designs of sanitary zones is prohibited.
The water supply security zone SNiP has been established - sanitary norms and rules.
Sanitary protection belts
The entire security zone of the facility is divided into several lanes:
- The first high security band is a circle that includeswater intake and waterworks site. Here you can not dump sewage, swim, graze livestock, fish, equip piers, place buildings, apply any fertilizers, lay pipelines, or extract minerals.
- The second and third belt of restriction and observation - the territory reserved for the protection of water bodies and water supply sources. In the second zone, it is not allowed to place fuel and lubricants warehouses, fertilizers and other dangerous objects that pose a threat of chemical pollution of waters; you can not plow the land, drain the swamps, pollute sites with waste.
- In the third belt, it is also forbidden to store solid waste, develop subsoil resources, and divert wastewater that does not meet sanitary standards and rules.
What is the width of the water supply protection zone?
If the water supply passes through undeveloped areas, then the width of the protective strip depends on the quality of the soil and the diameter of the pipeline:
- in dry soils - 10 m with a diameter of up to 1000 mm and 20 m with large pipe sizes;
- in wet soils - at least 50 m.
Water supply, the buffer zone of which runs in the development sectors, can carry additional environmental and production burden. The protective zone of the water supply in the built-up areas can be reduced in agreement with the SES authorities.
A mandatory minimum is established by law, which cannot be reduced under any circumstances:
- from the foundation of buildings and structures - at least 5 m;
- from the foundations of fences, flyovers, supports - at least 3 m;
- from the side stone of the street - at least 2 m;
- from pylons of overhead power lines - from 1 to 3 m depending on the power of the network.
Thus, water supply and sewerage protection zones vary in width depending on external factors.
Responsibility for violation of security zones
There are various sanctions for the placement of buildings, objects, materials in water supply protection zones:
- material - in the form of compensation for damage caused by unauthorized construction, storage of materials, objects, garbage closer than 5 m to the axis of the water pipeline;
- administrative - in the form of a fine for violation of building codes and regulations during construction, including for the construction of facilities without an approved project or in violation of protected areas;
- criminal - in the form of imprisonment for squatting a land plot located in sanitary protection zones.
Protected zones - a guarantee of water protection from pollution. Their observance is mandatory for all participants in public and economic relations, not only public, but also private.
