Plants and animals of the Chelyabinsk region: photo and description. Red Book of the Chelyabinsk Region

2024 Author: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-12 02:43

The Chelyabinsk region is located in the Southern Urals, on the border of two parts of the world - Asia and Europe, in the very center of the vast continent of Eurasia. Naturally, the climate here is continental, with long cold winters (the average January temperature is 17-18 degrees) and moderately warm summers (the average July temperature is 16-19 degrees). The Ural Mountains and the presence of a large number of lakes and rivers also influence the climate.

Three natural areas of the region

Plants and animals of the Chelyabinsk region, their number and varieties in the form in which they exist today, are determined by the geographical location and size of the region.

The nature of the Chelyabinsk region is represented by three zones - mountain-forest, forest-steppe and steppe. Fauna and flora are located according to their natural zones. Taiga, broad-leaved and mixed forests, as well asthe fauna corresponding to them are located in the mountain-forest zone, other species of animals are found in their natural habitat - in the steppes and river valleys of the Southern Urals. The forest fund occupies 2.5 million hectares, or more than 25% of the region's territory. Aspen-birch and pine forests grow in the north of the region, the central part is occupied by forest-steppe, and in the south there is a forb-cereal steppe.

Caring for nature

Animals of the Chelyabinsk region are very numerous. Thus, more than 60 species of mammals live in the region. In addition to them, there are 300 species of birds (80% of them are nesting) and 60 species of fish. More than 20 species of amphibians and reptiles have been recorded in the region.

This subject is one of the most economically developed in the Russian Federation. Progress in this region has a negative impact on the surrounding flora and fauna, so many plant and animal species are listed in the Red Book. But perhaps because a tenth of the region's territory is protected, and on an area of 1000 hectares there are nature reserves and national parks, hunting and botanical reserves, the animal world of the Chelyabinsk region has not been impoverished. The oldest and most famous is the Ilmensky State Reserve, founded in 1920. Its area is 30.3 thousand hectares.

Predators and artiodactyls

Animals of the Chelyabinsk region are represented by the following varieties. From the detachment of predators, there are families of cats, mustelids, bears and canines. Especially many representativesfamilies of mustelids - badgers and otters are found in the region. There are ermine and Siberian weasels, pine martens and weasels, American, European and Siberian minks, as well as steppe polecats. Other families of predators are represented by lynx, brown bear, wolf, steppe fox and raccoon dog. Siberian roe deer, spotted deer, elk and wild boar are found here from the order of artiodactyls.

Representatives of the animal world of the region

As already noted, the animals of the Chelyabinsk region are quite numerous. So, there are 500-600 bears in the region, and 150-200 lynxes, 1500-2000 wild boars.

Among mammals, in addition to a large order of rodents, there are lagomorphs, insectivores and bats. The families of shrews (insectivores) and hamsters (rodents) are particularly well represented.

Disappearing view

Animals of the Chelyabinsk region (photo and description see below), such as the Russian muskrat, are under the threat of complete extinction. Interestingly, in the 19th century, the region was completely included in the habitat of this animal. Then the mention of meetings with her disappeared altogether. In the 50s of the last century, work began on its reacclimatization. At present, the number in the region is unknown. This rare species of the mole family, which is also called khokhuli, has been added to the Red Book of the Chelyabinsk region. Animals, like the Russian muskrat or river otter, settle along the banks of small lakes, oxbow lakes, streams with a weak current. The banks should be steep and overgrown with vegetation, as well asconvenient for digging holes, the entrance to which is always located under water. The depth of the reservoir should not exceed 3 meters. It feeds on leeches, mollusks, various insects. In a litter, a Russian desman has from 1 to 5 cubs, but most often 2-3.

Poisonous plants of the Chelyabinsk region

About 50 species of poisonous flora grow in the region. Their danger to humans and animals is due to the fact that they contain alkaloids and glycosides, as well as complex compounds in the form of milky juices and resins.

Black henbane. It can grow in different places: in gardens, on wastelands, along roads. Poisonous are the seeds and leaves, which contain high concentrations of hyoscyamine and scopolamine. These alkaloids have a detrimental effect on the nervous system.

Speckled hemlock. Unpretentious and grows everywhere. The entire plant is poisonous. Of the alkaloids, coniine is the most abundant, causing severe poisoning, often resulting in death.

Veh is poisonous. Found in wetlands. The toxic properties are due to the content of cicutotoxin.

What is the Red Book and why is it needed

Why are representatives of the animal and plant world included in this book, because it is not a law on nature protection? It's just that with its alarming color it draws people's attention to endangered species. The book, having a red cover, consists of multi-colored pages. Names on black pagesextinct species. On the red pages are the names of rare and endangered species (bisons, red wolf, etc.). On the yellow pages, you can learn about species that are rapidly declining (polar bears, pink flamingos). Animals and plants of the Red Book of the Chelyabinsk region, as well as other regions, placed on the white pages, belong to those species that have never been very numerous in nature. Little-studied representatives of flora and fauna, located in inaccessible places, are placed on gray pages. There are also green pages in the book. They contain lists of animals that man managed to save from extinction, such as elk and river beaver.

The ever-changing book

On the verge of extinction are several species of bats, and not only. The Red Book of the Chelyabinsk region is very extensive. Animals caught in it include mammals and birds, reptiles and amphibians, fish, insects and molluscs. It also includes plants and mushrooms.

Moose and river beaver are typical animals of the Chelyabinsk region. But they also periodically fall into the Red Book. The data in it changes all the time, firstly, because science does not stand still, and new previously unknown information appears, and the names of some representatives of flora and fauna move from a page of one color to a page of another, for example, in the case of a sharp decrease in populations, or vice versa.

As noted above, there are three natural zones in the region. It is difficult to imagine how many representatives of the flora are on the slopes of the Southern Urals, if only inThe Red Data Book of the Chelyabinsk Region contains 377 species of plants, and the new edition, which came out in December 2015, has increased their number.

Unique plants

Pine, aspen and birch grow in the north of the Ui River. Forb-feather grass steppes spread below this river. Here grow such species in need of protection as lily-saranka and Siberian phlox. Very beautiful names for such rare species as the European bathing suit and the Altai anemone. You can also note such endangered species as two-leaved love, needle-leaved carnation, venus slipper and hundreds of others.

Indispensable support for livestock breeders

The most popular site with free ads is Avito. Animals (Chelyabinsk region) are presented in huge quantities. Most of all, dogs, cats, rabbits, birds and goods for them are offered for sale. With the help of the site, everyone can choose a pet.

The choice is huge - you need to spend some time to get acquainted with it. On the site, you can agree on the purchase of not only domestic, but also farm animals.