Each person cannot be completely sure that, under certain circumstances, he will not find himself in extreme conditions. That is, in the life of each of us, a situation may arise when the surrounding reality will differ sharply from the usual everyday life. At the same time, the extreme conditions that have arisen in an unprepared person will cause a negative state of the psyche, which is not adapted to the presence of stress factors. This, for example, happens when a person stays under water for a long time or when a person enters the conditions of the Far North.
What are extreme conditions?
Man, like all other living organisms on our planet, is able to exist only at a certain temperature, light, gravity, humidity, surface height above sea level, radiation intensity, etc. Moreover, all these qualities were developed by nature in the process of human evolution.
A person, getting into extreme conditions, is able to adapt to them. However, this only happens up to a certain point.limits. An example would be where people live. As a rule, these are territories located at an altitude not exceeding 3 thousand meters above sea level. If a person rises even higher, then he will not be able to live there permanently. His he alth will begin to deteriorate sharply, various diseases will rapidly develop, which will eventually lead to his death. The main problem for the organism in this case will be the insufficient supply of cells with atmospheric oxygen.
Among the types of extreme conditions, humidity can also be distinguished. Its significant rates are observed in tropical forests. Thickets of trees do not allow the rays of the sun and wind to penetrate here. That is why there is a lot of carbon dioxide in the air, various fumes, odors, microscopic fibers, hairs and scales. Only people of small stature and weight could adapt to such extreme conditions. This is what makes the rainforest tribes different.
Another environmental factor that limits human life opportunities is air temperature. We can feel comfortable only in a narrow range of its values. Rapid temperature fluctuations adversely affect people's he alth.
But in addition to extreme natural conditions, a person sometimes has to deal with critical situations related to his life in society. For example, many people had to endure malnutrition, fear and illness, which caused them deep, and sometimes simply unbearable suffering. It happened at certain times whenslavery and serfdom existed, and world wars were unleashed.
Adaptation
Extreme situation and extreme conditions in which a person gets, become for him the cause of acute mental, physical and social stress. All this poses a threat not only to his well-being, but also to life. Nevertheless, in stressful situations, a person begins to develop adaptive phenomena to an artificial or natural environment. This allows him to be in those conditions that were previously incompatible with life. With full adaptation, a person is able to maintain the possibility of his intellectual activity, behavior corresponding to the current situation, and also continue the race.
Adaptation is a process, the result of which is the acquisition by the body of previously absent resistance to certain environmental influences.
Survival
How can a person adapt in extreme conditions? Its survival will depend on many factors. The presence or presence of each of them will become a direct characteristic of extreme conditions, the severity of which will have a direct impact on the successful outcome of the case. So, some factors in the current situation will contribute to getting out of a critical state, while others, on the contrary, will aggravate the situation of people in danger.
How to survive in extreme conditions? For this, first of all,desire and will to live is required. This factor is determined not only by the character of a person, but also by his attitude towards people close to him, as well as obligations to each of them. Anyone who has a great desire to get out of this situation will do everything he can for this. And in this he will be different from someone who has been possessed by complete indifference. More active people will have a much greater chance of surviving, even if they find themselves in a situation that at first glance seems hopeless. It is the desire for life that will direct all the feelings and thoughts of a person to salvation.
Action learning
What contributes to survival in the wild and extreme conditions? One of the main factors leading to salvation is the training of a person in the necessary actions. There are many examples where for people who know the basic rescue techniques, even when injured in emergency situations, everything ended well. A trained person knew how to properly dispose of the food he had, built a shelter for himself from the weather, organized the use of signal means, and also did not miss every, even the slightest, opportunity for salvation.
But there are other examples when people who were not prepared for extreme situations died. And this despite the existing opportunity for salvation. The reason for this was their wrong actions. After all, it is on the training of a person that his ability to choose the right survival tactics directly depends.
Mental state
It turns out to be important for a person and his behavior in extreme conditions. Sometimes, finding themselves in a difficult situation, people simply cannot properly assess it in order to proceed with the actions necessary for salvation. Only 12-25% of those who have fallen into extreme conditions are able to meaningfully do everything for the sake of their salvation from the first minutes. The reaction of everyone else to the environment has a varying degree of adequacy, being within the boundaries of complete prostration and lethargy to hysteria. And only after a certain time, most of these people return to their normal state. After that, they are included in the actions for their salvation. If in a group of people who have found themselves in an extreme situation there are those who are prepared and able to support their comrades in misfortune with a joke and deed, then the time for normalizing the general psychological state of the group is significantly accelerated.
Physical fitness
Survival in the wild and extreme conditions will require a lot of strength from a person. If he is physically well prepared, then adverse conditions will be much easier for them to endure. For example, such a person will be able to travel long distances, and generally has a much better chance of being at home.
The worst situation is his fellow sufferer, who is rapidly losing his powers. A physically fit member of the group is able to help his comrades and increase the chances of salvation for everyone.
Special Equipment
Increase the chances of salvation will allow a set forsurvival in extreme conditions. It should include:
- emergency food supply;
- means of communication and signaling;
- windproof matches;
- sheathed knife;
- skein of fishing line;
- magnifying glass;
- first aid kit;
- bowl;
- skein of brightly colored rope 25 m long;
- bowl.
Windproof matches are needed to start a fire, scare away predatory animals, cauterize the poisonous bites of snakes and spiders, and build additional lighting for yourself.
The most important tool in an emergency will be a knife. But if it is not there, you can make such a tool from a piece of wood, a sharp stone or other improvised material.
The magnifying glass will light a fire. And if you break off a small piece from it, then the remaining part will make a cutting surface or an excellent scraper.
As for the skein of fishing line, in an extreme situation it can be used quite widely. For example, it is useful for building a shelter, for repairing shoes and clothes. It will be possible to hang various plants on it for drying, etc.
A brightly colored rope will be needed in the most difficult situation. It is used to build an identification mark that must be seen by the search team.
First-aid kit of special equipment must be completed with aspirin and iodine, activated charcoal, "Streptocide" and "Phtalazol". What are all these funds for? For example, "Streptocide" is useful for open wounds. PillsThis remedy is crushed to a powder state and applied to the injured area. Aspirin is needed as an antipyretic drug. It is placed under the tongue and left there until completely dissolved. Ftalazol will be needed in case of indigestion. It is used no more than three times a day, one tablet each. In acute diseases, the dose is doubled. Activated charcoal will also help with indigestion. Taking it will remove from the body those bacteria that caused the disease.
The bowl in the set of special equipment is necessary for eating. However, it will be possible to sharpen one of the edges. He will replace the knife in case of his absence. In addition, the bowl can be used as a tool for digging. It will be possible to store various small things in it.
Injuries
Sometimes action in extreme conditions must be directed to the immediate provision of medical assistance to victims. This often happens during accidents. But in the future, it is also important to continue to monitor the situation and stop any actions that can lead a person to poisoning or injury, bites from poisonous insects and animals, as well as to colds. After all, one who becomes helpless loses many opportunities for salvation, while complicating conditions for the entire group and reducing its mobility. In this regard, it is very important that people are able to provide emergency medical care and know how to prevent illness and injury.
Accounting for the geographical and climatic features of the area
These factors take into accountattention when drawing up survival tactics and planning rescue actions. In this case, it will be necessary to take into account the presence of drinking sources and water obstacles, the terrain, air temperature and humidity, precipitation intensity, the composition of flora and fauna, as well as the level of solar radiation.
Knowing the composition and power of all these natural factors, it will be possible to take effective protection measures by building the right plan to save people in distress.
Risk factors
The main enemies of a person in an emergency are survival stressors. These are risk factors, the negative impact of which can negatively affect the entire process of salvation. But beyond that, they spur people on to take action and make fast decisions.
Risk factors in extreme conditions are thirst and hunger, heat and cold, overwork, fear and loneliness. Sometimes they include diseases, natural disasters, as well as conflict and incorrect relationships that develop in a group of people in distress.
So, based on the foregoing, we can conclude that in order to be saved in an extreme situation, a person must have skills, abilities and a clear head. Let's take a closer look at the importance and sources of finding the most needed resources.
Food and water
A person cannot live without these resources. That is why one of the lines of action for salvation must be to find water and food. There are many methods for this. They were invented by peoplethrough many centuries of trial and error.
There are several ways to find water in the wild. Among them:
- detect a body of water;
- apply filtration or condensation method;
- get from underground;
- collect rainwater.
There are also many methods to find food in the wild. The simplest of these is the gathering of edible vegetables and fruits, berries, larvae, insects and mushrooms. A more difficult way is fishing and hunting. For example, you can set traps and traps, as well as use fishing rods or weapons.
It is worth bearing in mind that if water and food are not found, the situation will worsen significantly. The body will begin to weaken. After all, a person can live only 3 days without water, and 3 weeks without food. In the absence of these resources, a person will have to be saved in conditions of extreme survival. And here much will depend on his mood.
Motivation
It has already been said above that in extreme situations a person must be strong in spirit and strive for salvation. After all, sometimes the struggle takes place within people in distress. Whoever comes out victorious in it will surely be saved. Where to get the source for your motivation? It is enclosed in thoughts about loved ones. It is after such thoughts that unprecedented energy appears and a second wind opens.
Besides this, the path to salvation must consist of many easily achievable goals. You should not set yourself global goals. The stories of many survivors bear this out.
Additional actions
In most cases, food, food and motivation is enough to survive in an extreme situation. But if a person finds himself in adverse and harsh climatic conditions, then he will need to take care of some other things.
For example, those who find themselves in an extreme situation during the winter in northern Russia will need to find or build shelter for themselves. Indeed, in these areas, the temperature sometimes drops to 50 degrees below zero.
The next task is to make fire. It will allow you to warm up and become a source of confidence in the future.
In such a situation, you will certainly need equipment consisting of clothes and hunting accessories, as well as vehicles to save you.
Extreme Sports Destinations
Physical activities are very beneficial for a person. Some people come to the sport because of the desire to look good, while others - for the sake of getting a boost of energy. However, in recent years there are more and more fans of extreme sports. This direction allows you to get a decent dose of adrenaline.
What types of extreme sports are represented? The most dangerous of them are:
- Kitesurfing. This is a young sport that is currently rapidly gaining popularity. The movement in it is made under the action of thrust created by a kite, which is held by a person.
- Parkour. This kindsport is the art of overcoming obstacles in the form of elements of architectural structures, such as walls, stairs, parapets, etc.
- Streetlagging. It is a downhill prone position on a long skateboard.
- Rafting. This sport is rafting on mountain rivers, during which the passage of artificial and natural obstacles is required.
- Diving. This is scuba diving, during which a person puts on special equipment that allows him to stay under water from a few minutes to twelve or more hours.
- Taming the bull. More this kind of extreme sport is known as rodeo. It is a competition of cowboys during which they ride a wild horse bareback, tame it, trap bulls with lassoes or sit on them.
Sometimes those who want to get a dose of adrenaline go to extreme driving courses.
You can learn here:
- perform extreme braking on a slippery road;
- driving on sand, off-road or shallow rivers;
- overcome all sorts of obstacles;
- go down the steep slopes.
Extreme driving courses in any school are divided into several levels, each of which is more difficult than the previous one.
