Disputes about the life of Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin still do not subside. This is a man who was able to get ahead of all other people by as much as 2 generations in his understanding of not only the state apparatus, but also global sociology. Stalin's nationality still causes many opinions, as a result, a lot of versions have been put forward, several of which will now be considered.
Mystery of origin
Exploring a large number of archives, you can stumble upon various references and facts that may speak in favor of a particular theory. So, the Armenian version says that Stalin's nationality is directly related to his mother, who, due to her poverty, was forced to work as an ordinary laundress for a rich merchant. After she became pregnant, she was quickly married off to Vissarion Dzhugashvili. But this version still does not provide enough facts to understand what nationality Stalin was.
Georgian theory suggests that his roots go back to a prince named Egnatashvili. By the way, already at the time when Stalin came to power, he maintained contacts withtheir brothers.
Russian version
According to Russian theory (if it can be considered as such), Stalin's father was a nobleman from Smolensk, and his name was Nikolai Przhevalsky. He traveled a lot and was quite a famous scientist. In 1878, he became very ill, which is why he was treated in Gori, in the Caucasus. Here Przhevalsky meets one distant relative of the prince, her name is Catherine, who went bankrupt and had to marry an ordinary shoemaker Vissarion Dzhugashvili. He, in turn, was a fairly respected person, but there was grief in his family, which slightly overshadowed the whole existence of their couple. The fact is that they lost three very young children. Against this background, Vissarion began to drink a lot and often raised his hand to his wife. But even despite all the hardships of her life, Catherine still managed to charm the scientist, who was so imbued with her beauty that he continued to send her money.
It is worth noting that this version, which should shed light on Stalin's nationality, is actually quite vulnerable. I would also like to add that she is not so much Russian as it might seem at first glance, since Przhevalsky has roots in Belarus.
It seemed that Stalin was well aware that the whole society was convinced of his illegal origin. Then the drunkenness of the father is explained by many things. He probably knew, but he just couldn't accept it. So, in one of the drunken fights, he was killed, but 11-year-old Soso did not have any feelings about this.
Life
DefinitelyStalin Joseph Vissarionovich was and remains a cult figure. Despite the fact that various disputes are constantly being conducted about his life, more and more questions appear in the biography than answers. His personality continues to give rise to many myths that biographers and researchers are trying to figure out. You can even start from the birthplace of the dictator. According to some information, the first entry speaks of the city of Gori, although it is possible that Stalin could well have been born not far from Batumi. Further - this famous blood connection with his father and the resemblance to the traveler Przhevalsky.
The date of birth also causes a lot of controversy. Historians managed to find a record book of the Gori Assumption Cathedral Church, in which the birth record differed from the official date. According to the old style, it was December 6, 1878, exactly the same number is on the certificate of graduation from the religious school.
Initially, all official documents contained the true date of birth of Stalin, but in 1921, by his personal order, these numbers were changed in all documents, and they began to indicate not 1878, but 1879. As political scientists say, this was a forced measure in order to hide not only his noble origin, but also his illegitimacy.
Every year it becomes more and more difficult to explain why two dates of birth are indicated in the biography, what nationality Stalin was and a large number of different nuances from his life. Despite the fact that he independently surrounded himself with a certain halo of obscurity, there was a small circle of people who were especially close to him, whoknew a lot about him. Perhaps that is why they did not die by their own death and under rather mysterious circumstances.
Stalin's life is replete with many pseudonyms, of which there are up to 30 in total.
Board
The period of tenure as the first person of the state was marked by a huge number of executions, collectivization and one of the most terrible wars that claimed a lot of human lives all over the world. Naturally, the USSR should have seemed to everyone a country in which progress, harmony and devotion to their leader were developed.
Portraits of Stalin were hung everywhere, and his era was the time of the fastest possible economic development. Thanks to propaganda, absolutely all the undertakings of the “father of nations” were praised, this was especially true regarding the great infrastructure projects that were being built very quickly, turning an agrarian country that was at its peak of backwardness into an industrial state. This was the main goal, but in order to achieve it, it was necessary to expand the production of agricultural products to meet the needs of the working class. Thus, collectivization was a great solution for this. Private farmers were literally taken away from their land and forced to work at large state-type agricultural enterprises.
The whole truth about the reign of the leader is still impossible to find. This is due to the fact that in fact neither in the modern world, nor evenespecially during his life, they did not talk about it publicly. The entire period of Stalin (while he was head of state) was due not only to repressions and harsh dictatorship. It is safe to note a large number of positive nuances that largely influenced the current formation of the Russian people:
- Working with conscience to benefit society in the first place.
- Victory 1945.
- Dignity of an engineer and an officer.
- Independent country.
- Innocence of high school girls.
- Morals.
- Mother Heroines.
- Chastity Media.
- Prohibited abortions.
- Open churches.
- Prohibitions on: Russophobia, pornography, corruption, prostitution, drug addiction and homosexuality.
- Patriotism.
The name of Stalin is associated with his desire not only to unite, but subsequently to strengthen the country in the shortest possible time, and thanks to his energy and will to win, no one had the impression that he was unable to translate his plans into reality.
Family
Stalin Iosif Vissarionovich very carefully concealed all information about himself, his personal life was no exception. He very carefully destroyed all kinds of documents that somehow spoke about his family and love affairs. Thus, the modern generation can present a far from complete picture, which consists of a small number of verified facts and testimonies of several eyewitnesses, whosestories abound with inaccuracies and inaccuracies.
The first wife of Stalin, when he was only 26 years old, was Ekaterina (Kato) Svanidze. At that time, he still did not have his own significant party nickname, nor a special “political weight” in society, but, despite this, he was already famous for his reputation as an inveterate revolutionary who strove for the universal idea of equality. But at the same time, I would like to add that even those bloody methods and means by which the goals were achieved gave the Bolsheviks a certain veil of romanticism. And so the famous pseudonym Koba appeared. He was a literary hero like Robin Hood, who robbed the rich and gave everything to the poor.
Kato was only 16 years old when they got married and began to live in a shabby room, having practically no means of subsistence. Her father was as revolutionary as Soso himself, so he was even glad of their marriage, since Koba already had sufficient authority among the Caucasian freedom fighters. Despite the fact that huge funds passed through his hands almost every day, not a penny of them went to the improvement of family life and the hearth.
Due to his intense revolutionary life, he practically did not appear at home, so his wife spent most of her time alone. In 1907, their common son was born, who was given the name Jacob. Thus, the life of a poor woman becomes many times harder, and she becomes ill with typhus. Since they did not have any extra money (due to the fact that everything went to the needs of the party), she dies. According to eyewitnesses, Soso was very worriedthe death of a beloved woman and even began to fight with his enemies with redoubled fury. Yakov, meanwhile, began to live with Kato's parents, where he was until the age of 14.
Very young Nadya Alliluyeva became Soso's second lover. They sincerely loved each other, despite the fact that the manifestation of tender feelings in those years, especially for such a fierce fighter for the revolution, was considered weakness. So, already in 1921, the second son of Stalin was born, who was named Vasily. At the same time, he takes away Jacob. Thus, Koba finally finds a full-fledged family. But the old story is repeated again, when he has absolutely no time for some ordinary human joys on the way to revolution. In 1925, little Svetlana appears in the family.
Extremely little is known about the relationship of the spouses, a large number of mysteries remain to this day, not only about their life together, but also about death.
It is worth noting that life with a man who has such a difficult character, like Stalin, was inexplicably difficult. It is known that he could be silent for three days, being in the deepest thoughts. It was difficult for Nadezhda not only because her husband was a tyrant - she did not have any opportunity to communicate. She had no girlfriends, and the men were simply afraid to start even friendly relations with her, as they were afraid of the wrath of her husband, who might think that his woman was being whipped, and "shoot". Nadezhda needed ordinary, human, domestic, warm relationships.
Suspicious death of wife
November 8, 1932 Aliluyeva Nadezhda, Stalin's wife, died under strange circumstances, whose nationality cannot be unequivocally confirmed, since her mother was a true German, and her father was half a gypsy. The official version said that suicide had taken place, allegedly she had independently committed a fatal shot in the head. As for the media reports about the death of Nadezhda, Stalin only allowed to say that she suddenly left this world, but what caused her death was not indicated.
Another point that deserves attention is Koba's attempts to attribute everything to the fact that his wife died due to appendicitis, but two (and according to some sources - three) experts who arrived at the scene were supposed to give an opinion about death, but refused to put their signature on such a document. Her death still causes a lot of controversy, and therefore at the moment there are several options for this incident.
Several versions of the death of Stalin's wife
At the time of her death, Nadezhda was only 31 years old, and there are a lot of rumors about this. As for some conspiracy version of what is happening, here it is worth noting such a figure as Trotsky. At one time he was objectionable to the government and personally to Stalin, therefore, through a certain Bukharin, he tried to exert emotional pressure on the leader's wife. They tried to convince her that her husband was pursuing a too aggressive policy, organizing a deliberate famine in Ukraine, collectivization and mass executions. Trotsky thought that thanks to the political scandal that Nadezhda was supposed to arrange, Stalin could be overthrown without resorting to violence. Thus, his wife could go crazy and just shoot herself from the information she received, which she could not accept.
According to another version, at the celebration of the 15th anniversary of the October Revolution, during a banquet in the Kremlin, Stalin said something insulting to his wife, after which she defiantly left the table and went to her apartment, and then the servants heard a shot.
Has the right to life and the version, which was confirmed by the head of security of Joseph Vissarionovich. According to his story, after the banquet, Stalin did not go home, but went to one of his dachas and took the general's wife with him. Nadezhda, in turn, was very worried and called the home security phone. The duty officer confirmed that her husband was indeed there, and not alone, but with a woman. Thus, the wife, having learned about this, could not survive the betrayal and committed suicide. Stalin never visited Nadezhda's grave.
Chief's mother
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, whose nationality and origin are shrouded in mystery, as well as everything connected with his personal life, raises many questions. Stalin's relationship with his own mother was also strange. Many facts spoke about this, and even the fact that he introduced her to her grandchildren only when the eldest turned 15. Ekaterina Georgievna had practically no education, she could not write, she spoke only Georgian. Stalin's motherwhose nationality did not cause controversy, was a fairly sociable woman and was never afraid to express her personal opinion on any occasion, even sometimes on political topics. She did not interfere at all with the lack of education. Some conclusions can be drawn from their correspondence, which can hardly be called letters, but most likely more notes. It is worth noting that, despite such dryness of communication, it cannot be said that the son did not take care of his mother. She was under the constant and close supervision of the best doctors, but despite this, due to age, her he alth did not improve. So, in May 1937, she fell ill with pneumonia, which is why she died on July 4. Relations were so bad that he could not even attend her funeral, but limited himself to a wreath with an inscription.
Death of the "father of nations"
It was 1953. Many people wanted Stalin's death for a long time. On March 1, he spent the whole day in his office, he did not look through important state mail and did not even have lunch. Without his permission, no one had the right to go to him, but already at 11 pm one of the duty officers went there at his own peril and risk, and a terrible picture appeared before his eyes. After going through several rooms, he saw how Stalin was lying on the floor and could not utter a word. For several days, doctors fought for his life.
Thus, the year of Stalin's death was marked by conflicting opinions in society. Some were glad that the days of the dictator and tyrant had come to their logical end. Some, on the contrary, considered the inner circle of the leader to be traitors who, one way or another,otherwise, were involved in his death.
One cannot be 100% sure that conspirators from the top of the Politburo were involved in his death. Judging by some of the recollections of Comrade Khrushchev himself and a number of close people, the leader this year was no longer able to govern the state, he could see insanity and paranoia, which meant the inexorable approach of death. Despite the fact that he is no longer there, Stalin’s famous quotes have reached us, like “Shoot!” or "It doesn't matter how they voted - it matters how they counted." They will be relevant for a long time, because the period of the life of the “father of nations” has forever entered all textbooks and remained in the memory of many people.
Stalin: a Russian man of Georgian nationality
In order to understand his personality, it is necessary to draw conclusions solely on the basis of a few facts that are known from the direct speech of the leader himself. One thing can be said with certainty: Joseph Stalin, whose nationality can cause a lot of controversy, is a rather ambiguous personality. But be that as it may, his assessment will always have several elements of subjectivity, which is based on the personal understanding of each world and Soviet history.
In the modern world, Stalin's nationality can cause some controversy, it's all due to a certain halo of the mystery of his birth and origin, but, as the leader himself liked to say: "I'm not a European, but a Russified Georgian-Asian."
