The first and only President of Belarus Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko is an example and great authority for every citizen of his country. Why is he so loved? Why do people trust the government of the state to the same person for 20 years now? The biography of Lukashenka Alexander Grigoryevich, "the last dictator of Europe", which will be described in this article, will help to find answers to these and many other questions.
The childhood of the future president
Alexander Lukashenko's birthday was an ordinary summer day in 1954. It happened in the village of Kopys in the Orsha district of the Vitebsk region. Until recently, it was believed that Alexander Lukashenko was born on August 30. The date of birth was revised in 2010, as it became known that Alexander Grigorievich was born after midnight on the nighton August 31st. When it was registered, for some reason, the date was indicated - August 30. Despite the fact that Lukashenka now celebrates his birthday on August 31, the data in his passport remained the same.
Alexander's parents divorced when he was very young, so the upbringing of his son fell entirely on the shoulders of his mother - Ekaterina Trofimovna. During the war, she lived in the village of Alexandria, after it she moved to the Orsha region and got a job at a flax mill. After the birth of her son, Ekaterina Trofimovna returned to her native village in the Mogilev region again. The biography of Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko practically does not contain information about his father. It is only known that he was a Belarusian and worked in forestry. It is also known that Alexander Grigoryevich's maternal grandfather came from the Sumy region of Ukraine.
Education and entry into work
In 1971 - after graduating from high school - Lukashenko Alexander Grigoryevich entered the Mogilev Pedagogical Institute at the Faculty of History. In 1975 he received a diploma of higher education in the speci alty "teacher of history and social science." According to the distribution, the young specialist was sent to the city of Shklov, where he worked for several months in secondary school No. 1 as secretary of the Komsomol committee. Then he was drafted into the army - from 1975 to 1977 he served in the KGB border troops. Having repaid his debt to his homeland, Lukashenka Alexander Grigoryevich continued his labor activity as secretary of the Komsomol committee of the Mogilev city food service. Already in 1978 he was appointed in chargesecretary of the Shklovsky society "Knowledge", and in 1979 joined the CPSU.
In 1985, Alexander Grigoryevich received another higher education - he graduated from the Belarusian Agricultural Academy with a degree in economist-organizer of agricultural production.
"Collective farm" period
In 1982, Alexander Lukashenko was appointed deputy chairman of the Udarnik collective farm, from 1983 to 1985 he worked as deputy director of a building materials plant in Shklov, and after receiving an education in the agricultural sector, he was assigned the job of secretary of the party committee collective farm them. V. I. Lenin. From 1987 to 1994, Lukashenko successfully managed a state farm called "Gorodets" in the Shklovsky district and in a short time managed to turn it from unprofitable to advanced.
His merits were appreciated, Lukashenka was elected a member of the district party committee and invited to Moscow.
MP career
In March 1990, Alexander Grigoryevich was elected a People's Deputy of Belarus. At that time, the process of disintegration of the Soviet Union was already underway, and in July 1990 the Republic of Belarus became a sovereign state. The future president Alexander Lukashenko managed to make a dizzying career as a politician in such a difficult time for the country. He created a reputation as a defender of the people, a fighter for justice, and started a war against corrupt authorities. On his initiative, in early 1991,Prime Minister Kebich was dismissed, and a few months later a faction of "Communist-Democrats of Belarus" was created.
At the end of 1991, deputy Lukashenko was the only one who voted against the approval of the Belovezhskaya agreements.
In 1993, criticism and opposition of Alexander Lukashenko to the government became especially pronounced. At that time, it was decided to create a temporary commission of the Supreme Council for the fight against corruption and appoint Lukashenka as its chairman. In April 1994, after the resignation of Shushkevich Stanislav, the commission was liquidated as having completed the task.
President of the Republic of Belarus
Alyaksandr Lukashenka's activity in exposing corrupt power structures made him so popular that he decided to submit his candidacy for the highest post in the state. In July 1994, Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko (whose photo is presented in the article), gaining more than eighty percent of the vote, became the president of Belarus.
Conflicts in Parliament
Alexander Grigoryevich, after taking the presidency, began a frank struggle with the Belarusian parliament. Several times he refused to sign the draft laws adopted by the Supreme Council, in particular the law “On the Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus”. But the deputies achieved the entry into force of this law, arguing that, in accordance with legal norms, the President of the Republic of Belarus may not sign a document approved by the Supreme Court.
BFebruary 1995, conflicts in parliament continued. President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko proposed (along with parliamentary elections) to hold a referendum on May 14. And find out the opinion of the people about the integration of the economies of Belarus and Russia, the replacement of the symbols of the state. It was also proposed to officially make the Russian language the second state language, and give the president the opportunity to dissolve the Armed Forces. Interestingly, he suggested that the Supreme Council dissolve itself within a week. The deputies supported only one proposal of the president - on integration with the Russian Federation, and in protest against Lukashenka's actions, a hunger strike was staged in the parliament session hall. Soon there was information that the building was mined, and the OMON forces forced all the deputies to leave the premises. The President of the Republic of Belarus stated that the OMON was sent by him to ensure the safety of the deputies of the Supreme Council. The latter claimed that the police officers did not protect them, but severely beat them on the orders of the president.
As a result, the planned referendum nevertheless took place, all the proposals of Alexander Grigoryevich were supported by the people.
Course towards rapprochement with Russia
From the very beginning of his political activity, Alexander Lukashenko was guided by the rapprochement of the fraternal states - Russia and Belarus. He confirmed his intentions by signing agreements on the establishment of payment and customs unions with Russia in 1995, on friendship and cooperation between states in February of the same year, and on the creation of the Community of the Russian Federation and the Republic ofBelarus in 1996.
In March 1996, an agreement was also signed on integration in the humanitarian and economic sectors of the countries of the former USSR - Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Russia.
1996 referendum
Alexander Lukashenko sought to concentrate all power in his hands. To this end, in August 1996, he addressed the people with a proposal to hold a second referendum on November 7 to consider the adoption of a new draft constitution. According to the changes that Lukashenko made to the main document of the country, Belarus was turning into a presidential republic, and the head of state was given wide powers.
Parliament postponed the referendum to November 24 and proposed its draft constitution for consideration. At the same time, the leaders of several parties united to collect signatures for the impeachment of Lukashenka, and the Constitutional Court banned a referendum on changing the main law of the country. Alexander Grigorievich, on the way to his goal, turned to drastic measures - he dismissed the chairman of the Central Election Commission Gonchar, contributed to the resignation of Prime Minister Chigir and dissolved parliament.
The referendum was held as scheduled, the draft constitution was approved. This allowed Lukashenka to concentrate all power in his hands.
Relations with the world
The world community refused to recognize the results of the 1996 Belarusian referendum. Lukashenka became an enemy of almost all world states, he was accused of a dictatorial manner of governing. Added fuel to the firescandal in the Minsk complex called Drozdy, when, not without the participation of the Belarusian president, diplomats from 22 countries of the world were evicted from their residences. Lukashenka accused the ambassadors of conspiring against himself, to which the world responded by banning the Belarusian president from entering a number of world states.
Lukashenka's relations with the West did not strengthen and the cases of disappearance of opposition politicians in Belarus, which were blamed on the president himself.
As for the relations between the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation, both states continued to make mutual promises and create the appearance of rapprochement, but in fact, it did not reach the real results of creating a single state. In 1999, Lukashenka and Yeltsin signed an agreement on the creation of the Union State.
In 2000, the President of Belarus visited the United States, despite all the prohibitions, and spoke at the Millennium Summit. Lukashenka began to criticize NATO countries and military operations in Yugoslavia, accused the authorities of some countries of illegal and inhumane actions.
Second and third presidential terms
In September 2001, Lukashenka's second presidential term began. At this time, relations between Belarus and Russia are becoming increasingly tense. The leaders of the two allied countries could not find compromise solutions in management matters. Putin took Lukashenka's proposal to lead the Union State in turn as a joke and put forward the idea of integration along the lines of the European Union, which did not please the Belarusian president. Controversial issues onabout the introduction of a single currency also did not find a solution.
The situation was aggravated by "gas" scandals. The reduction of Moscow's gas supply to Belarus and the subsequent cessation of supplies caused indignation from Lukashenka. He said that if Russia does not correct the situation, Belarus will break all previous agreements with it.
There have been many conflict situations in the history of relations between these two states. In addition to the gas scandal, in 2009 there was a so-called "milk conflict" when Moscow banned the import of Belarusian dairy products into Russia. There is an assumption that this was a gesture of dissatisfaction with the fact that Lukashenka did not want to sell twelve dairy plants in Belarus to Russia. The response of President Lukashenko was a boycott of the summit of the leaders of the governments of the CSTO countries and the issuance of an order on the immediate introduction of customs and border control on the border with the Russian Federation. The control was introduced on June 17, but on the same day it was canceled, since during the negotiations between Moscow and Minsk it was decided to resume the supply of Belarusian dairy products to Russia.
In 2004, the Belarusian president initiated another referendum, as a result of which the provision was canceled that the same person can be elected to the presidency for no more than two consecutive terms. The results of this referendum did not please the United States and Western Europe, and they imposed a number of economic sanctions against Lukashenka and Belarus.
To Candolizza Wright's statement that inIn Belarus, the dictatorship must certainly be replaced by democracy, Alexander Lukashenko replied that he would not allow any “color” revolutions paid for by Western bandits on the territory of his state.
In March 2006, regular presidential elections were held in the Republic of Belarus. The victory, backed up by 83% of the vote, was again won by Lukashenka. Opposition structures and some countries did not recognize the election results. Perhaps because for the Belarusian president the interests of his state are always above all else. For him, the support of citizens is what is important, this is the highest award and recognition. In December 2010 Alexander Lukashenko was elected president for the fourth time with 79.7 percent of the vote.
Merit to the people
During the twenty years of the presidency of Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko, Belarus has been able to achieve one of the highest rates of economic growth. The Belarusian president, despite all the US and EU sanctions, managed to establish good relations with many countries of the world, maintain and develop domestic industries, raise agriculture, engineering and the oil refining industry of the country's economy from ruins.
Family of Lukashenka Alexander Grigoryevich
The President of Belarus since 1975 has been officially married to Zholnerovich Galina Rodionovna. But the press became aware that the couple had long been living separately. The President has three sons. The children of Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko followed in the footsteps of their father:the eldest son Viktor serves as the National Security Advisor to the President, the middle son Dmitry is the chairman of the central council of the President's Sports Club.
Younger son Nikolai is an illegitimate child. According to one version, the boy's mother is Irina Abelskaya, a former personal doctor of the Lukashenka family. The media note the fact that the president appears at all official events and even military parades about his youngest son. Information is spreading in the press that Lukashenka is preparing Nikolai for the presidency, but Alexander Grigoryevich himself calls these rumors "stupidity." The children of Alexander Lukashenko, according to him, are free to choose their own path in life.
The President of Belarus has seven grandchildren: four - Victoria, Alexander, Valeria and Yaroslav - children of the eldest son Victor, three - Anastasia, Daria and Alexander - daughters of the second son Dmitry. To pay as much attention to grandchildren as possible - this is what Alexander Lukashenko considers a priority when distributing free time.
The president's wife and all relatives who are far from politics, at the insistence of Alexander Grigoryevich, almost never communicate with the press.
