How far can a person go, what is he ready for for his ideals? World history knows many examples of human cruelty in the name of a common goal. Can modern society repel aggression and what threatens our peaceful tomorrow?
The art of managing
Man's freedom is a relative concept. Most of us have the right to choose our destiny, environment, occupation, but one thing remains unchanged - we are all in submission, some to a greater extent, some to a lesser extent. We are dependent on the authorities, on relatives, families, children, on God. So it has been since the dawn of time. It'll be this way forever. Power, as one of the instincts, is in the depths of the subconscious of every person. Circumstances in life can elicit these instincts to varying degrees, leaving us vulnerable. However, not everyone has the ability to rule. After all, what is power? This is, first of all, the strength of the spirit, the will and the gift of persuasion. In order to manage, you need to be able to captivate, you need to say so that they follow you. Such people, as a rule, are quite dangerous for society, because it is completely unknown what goals they can pursue and what sacrifices they are ready to make to achieve them.
The brightest example in the history of mankind will forever remain Adolf Hitler. It was his superpowers that completely changed not only the geographical map of the world, but the entire course of history.
Nazism ideology
It was to Hitler that modern philosophy owes the emergence of such a trend as Nazism. The purity of the nation, anti-Semitism and xenophobia, chauvinism and homophobia are just a few of the features that characterize the Nazi movement. Nazism is a totalitarian form of government that implies one faith, one leader, one state and one nation. Despite the official ban, Nazism continues to exist even many decades after the death of its ideological leader.
Modern Nazism bears the same name, however, with the prefix neo-, and has a slightly different ideology. The main idea of modern neo-Nazis is still the struggle for the purity of the race. In this regard, racial hatred and discrimination based on nationality is growing. A modern neo-Nazi is not only a young shaven-headed youth shouting insulting slogans against representatives of various nationalities and religious concessions. Many parties that call themselves ultra-right, right-wing, represent the interests of neo-Nazis in the parliaments of many states. And not only in Europe, but practically all over the world.
The birthplace of neo-Nazism
Despite the fact that almost 70 years have passed since the end of World War II, modern Germany is still ashamed of what it has becomethe cradle of world evil. This fact largely became the reason for the rejection of neo-Nazi ideologies by the Germans. Of course, one cannot deny the fact that there are right-wing parties in Germany, but they have support mainly among the youth of the eastern part of the country.
Neo-Nazis in Germany and their activities are constantly under close surveillance not only by the police, but also by ordinary citizens. The state, on the legislative level, is fighting against manifestations of Nazism, banning ultra-right parties and Nazi symbols. But, despite the prohibitions, Nazi literature, video and audio materials continue to seep through the borders, attracting new fresh forces into the ranks of the Nazis.
How are we?
Despite the horror that our compatriots experienced during the war, neo-Nazism is flourishing both in Eastern Europe and in the post-Soviet space. Neo-Nazis began to appear in Russia almost immediately after the collapse of the Soviet Union, when a flood of immigrants from neighboring countries began to pour in. The idea of "Russian unity", as well as the slogan "Russia for the Russians", became the main engine of the neo-Nazi movement in Russia. In Slovakia, for example, right-wing radical party activists periodically attack Roma, while in Lithuania and Estonia, neo-Nazi organizations enjoy the patronage of the authorities. The actions of Lithuanian neo-Nazis are aimed at discriminating against the Russian people and the Communist Party. But perhaps the most extreme appearance of neo-Nazism was in Ukraine. Ukrainian neo-Nazis are notonly against Russia and its citizens, they are trying to ban the Russian language, which, by the way, is the mother tongue of more than 20 million Ukrainians.
Uneasy 90s
It was the 90s that began the rapid development of neo-Nazism in the countries of the former USSR. This is due primarily to the fall of communist ideals. All the values that were familiar to a simple Soviet person suddenly disappeared, leaving instead the rudiments of a new, European civilization, which most citizens were not ready to accept. The financial crisis played an important role in the development of modern youth in the 1990s, when the family, called upon to guard moral principles and raise the younger generation in the spirit of universal love and harmony, threw all its efforts into obtaining daily bread. Children, left unattended, rushed into all serious, including youth movements. For many teenagers of that time, neo-Nazism, neo-Nazi is the path to purity and justice. This is the only opportunity to express yourself and achieve something. Many were looking for elementary attention and respect, and, of course, they found it in the same disappointed and frightened teenagers.
In 1992, an organization of skinheads appeared in Moscow. It consisted of young skinheads from 13 to 19 years old. Their activities were aimed mainly at combating the "colored". The most dangerous skinheads were for students from African countries, Vietnam, China and Korea. However, already in 1994, all immigrants from Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan fell into the “risk group”. It was connected withthe first Chechen campaign. By the end of the 90s, soldiers who served in Chechnya joined the ranks of neo-Nazis, the movement becomes more visible, and the actions of the radicals become more brutal. Crimes against representatives of other nationalities are evidenced by the facts that are published by the neo-Nazis themselves - photos and videos, audio materials. All this becomes evidence during high-profile trials.
Freedom
Neo-Nazis of Ukraine went furthest. The most radical party operating in Ukraine is VO "Svoboda". Starting its activity in Western Ukraine, "Svoboda" gradually shifted to the center, taking a leading position in Ukrainian politics. Svoboda leader Oleg Tyagnibok put forward his candidacy for the post of head of state during an extraordinary election campaign. The Svoboda party has firmly strengthened its position among the population of the central and northern parts of Ukraine. Leaders of radical political movements occupy leading positions in the Ukrainian parliament. Naturally, this cannot but affect the country's foreign policy.
The result of the work of the ultra-right forces is the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Stepan Bandera, who was the main accomplice of the Nazis in Ukraine during the Great Patriotic War. The rehabilitation of the soldiers of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army and the holding of competitions with the symbols of the UPA speak more than eloquently about the true state of affairs. A Ukrainian neo-Nazi is an average Ukrainian who hates everything that even indirectly reminds of Russia.
Manifestations of neo-Nazism in Russia
In recent years, this movement in Russia has taken on a national scale. The neo-Nazis of Russia are not only citizens with a mature civic position, but also artists. In addition, the line of activity of neo-Nazi organizations is gradually expanding. If in the 90s it was limited to hooligan attacks on representatives of other races, today we can talk about the threat of terrorism. Every year, the number of people killed in Russia at the hands of radicals increases by 30%. But something else is scary. Polls among the population show that signs of racial intolerance are observed in 60% of respondents. It turns out that more than half of ordinary Russian citizens support the ideas of neo-Nazis.
Modern neo-Nazi is a skillful weapon in the hands of experienced politicians who are in opposition to power. Playing on patriotic feelings helps to realize political ambitions and achieve goals. Right-wing radical party leaders, aspiring to big politics, are determined to create a single party that, in their opinion, could cleanse Russia.
Russian patriots
Youth right-wing radical organizations in modern Russia have a number of features by which one can distinguish a neo-Nazi organization from radical left or pro-government ones. Right-wing groups cannot exist outside the political system.
Their activities are guided and sponsored by politicians who are in opposition to the current government, and are its alternative. Forbidthe activity of such organizations and parties does not make sense. There is hardly a single politician capable of eradicating neo-Nazism. The ban itself will only strengthen the positions of the radicals, making peaceful dialogue and control over them impossible. Right-wing youth movements have a negative attitude towards Western pop culture and the European way of life. Instead of the forbidden creativity of Western groups and performers, their own musical movements are being created, access to which is strictly limited. Russian neo-Nazis put ethnic issues at the forefront of their activities Satisfying the needs of the dominant race in Russia, namely the Russians, is a paramount task.
Conclusions
Russian sociologists and psychologists have come close to the problem of the spread of neo-Nazism among young people. Several surveys and sociological experiments were conducted, the results of which made it possible to determine the mechanisms that control the activities of radical youth. By the way, among the female respondents, the majority tends to be conservative. Studies have shown that in large cities radicalism is more pronounced precisely as a political movement. This is due to the large number of young people who have higher education and take an active part in the social and political life of the region and the country.
In the Russian outback, in the Far East, neo-Nazi ideology is often replaced by conventional extremism. The study showed that young people's thinking is greatly influenced by social insecurity, the instability of the political system and financialinstability. In general, sociologists assess the level of development of neo-Nazism throughout the country as high, but not critical. The authorities have time to take action.
