Information requirements: concept, types and list of basic requirements

2024 Author: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-12 02:46

What might be the information requirements? The most diverse, depending on what kind of information in question. This concept is very versatile. For example, the requirements for a private listing for the sale of something will be different from what an article in a newspaper or a TV news story must meet.

In order to understand what the information requirements are, you need to clearly understand what exactly is meant by this term.

What is information? Definition

Scientists have not given a single universal definition for this concept. Moreover, many of them, for example, Russian academician Nikita Nikolaevich Moiseev, believe that it is completely impossible to give a single definition of the term "information" because of the wide range of components.

The most common and universal is the idea of information as a list of information about things, events, objects, people, animals or something else. People exchange information directly during communication or receive it in other ways. Of course, a statement of facts is also information.

What is information? Concept

This word came into Russian speech from Latin. Literally translated, informatio means:

• introduction;
• reduction;
• clarification.

In fact, any type of communication between people is nothing more than an exchange of information. The communication or presentation of facts may take any form. These are speech, recordings, images, and so on. Information can also be transmitted using conventional signals or technical media.

For humanity, it is one of the most important resources, with the help of which not only the accumulated knowledge and experience are preserved, but also the process of development of society becomes possible. This concept affects absolutely all spheres of life. Information processes are being studied in many scientific disciplines, from philosophy to marketing.

How is this concept classified?

Requirements for information directly depend on what type it belongs to. This concept is classified as follows:

• according to the way of perception;
• according to the form of submission;
• on purpose.

Each of these groups includes several types, which, in turn, can also be divided into even more thematic and narrow ones.

The flow of information is a way of data transfer that ensures the existence of anysystems. Thus, it is important to know where its source is located, conditionally - below or above. For example, the information presented to citizens by the president is a flow of information from above. And the rumors that reached the head of state about the events in the provincial village are an information flow from below.

Information on the way of perception

The categories of this group are determined by how the person perceives the transfer of information.

Main types included in this type of information:

• visual;
• tactile;
• sonic;
• tasty;
• olfactory.

The visual category includes all information that is perceived by a person through the organs of vision. Accordingly, the sound transmission of information involves hearing, tactile, olfactory and taste receptors responsible for this type of perception.

Information on the submission form

Depending on the form in which the facts are stated or information is provided, the information may be:

• text;
• numeric;
• graphic;
• sonic.

In the modern world, other categories are also distinguished - information presented on technical media, in video recordings. Of course, the requirements for information provided in the form of text are different from those for video recordings.

Information on intended purpose

Purpose is the concept of who exactly this or that information is addressed to. In accordance with"addressee" information can be:

• bulk;
• special;
• personal;
• secret.

Mass is one that is available to all members of society, without exception or any type of restriction. As a rule, these are trivial facts and information that are of no importance to government structures and understandable to all people, regardless of their level of culture or education.

Special - this is the one that is characterized by addressing a narrow social group, contains specific information. For example, a reference book of terms of higher mathematics is special information. An accounting report, a work schedule, a schedule of festive events in a particular city are also examples of special information.

Private is a list of private information relating to a specific person and is not in the public domain. Secret - a concept that includes all information and facts that must be protected from dissemination and are of value to government agencies or certain social groups. For example, a business plan for the development of an oil company is classified information that is of value to the owners and shareholders of this enterprise. The number of nuclear warheads is classified information regarding the country's defensive capabilities.

List of basic information requirements

Of course, the list of what is expected of any information and what it should correspond to depends entirely on what type it isrelate. However, there are also basic requirements for information that must be met regardless of which area of life the information belongs to.

They are as follows:

• continuity, speed of collection and processing;
• timeliness;
• authenticity;
• reliability and consideration of potential risk;
• quality and resource intensity;
• targeting;
• legal compliance;
• repeated or single use;
• relevance;
• corresponds to the given topic, if any.

Which requirement for information should be considered more carefully depends on its type and specific life situation. For example, if we are talking about the localization of a fire, then the priority will be the speed of collection and reliability.

Data and information are the same thing?

Requirements for data and information have some differences, due to the fact that these concepts, although close in meaning, are not identical.

Data is a list of information, instructions, concepts and facts that can be verified, processed and reused. Data is what security systems, computers, logisticians, compiling statistical reports, financiers and others work with.

Thus, document information requirements are conditions that data must meet. That is, this is the form of filling, reliability,relevance, legal compliance, convenient provision. For example, a statistical report on profit growth using charts is data on the performance of a company. The information in the passport is the data about the person.

Accordingly, data is a narrower concept than information, which is one of its constituent areas.

What information can I request?

As a rule, any request for information concerns data. For example, when applying for a loan at a bank, you need to provide information about yourself. If the director of an enterprise requires a financial report from the accounting department, this is also the provision of data.

You can request almost any information, but only if it is justified. For example, a person can collect data about their ancestors in city archives. But if he wants to get data on the design of the first nuclear warheads, then the requirements for information, namely its safety and secrecy, will not allow this without special permissions.

Many structures and organizations have the right to receive data from a person. The requirements for information that people provide about themselves differ depending on the purpose of its collection. For example, when filling out medical documents, you need to provide a list of data that is absolutely not required by customs officers.