What is meant by the concept of "settlement capitalism"? By what signs can it be identified? The country of resettlement capitalism - what is it, and how is it different from other states?
Resettlement capitalism is…
Under the concept of "settlement capitalism" they mean a special type of management, in which the metropolis expands its living space at the expense of the lands of autochthonous peoples. Later, these territories become colonies, which are massively populated by settlers. The latter create here their own rules of the economic game, norms and foundations.
In the newly formed colonies, the indigenous population is suppressed, assimilated or even physically eradicated. The metropolitan countries often send criminals and unreliable elements here. Settler capitalism is always a deep and fundamental transformation in the economic life of the colonial region.
Any country of resettlement capitalism is distinguished by a number of characteristic features. We'll talk about them later.
Main features of countriesresettlement capitalism
The country of resettlement capitalism is, first of all, the dualistic (dual) nature of the economic system. This means that the state is highly developed, but it has (to one degree or another) features of dependence - economic or political. Capitalism in these countries was not formed by itself, but was introduced from outside - by emigrants from Europe.
Among the most important features of these states are the following:
- active participation of foreign capital in the economic development of the country;
- agricultural specialization of the economy on the world market;
- weak or insufficient development of science-intensive and high-tech industries;
- post-industrial type of economic system;
- uniform economic development of the territory of the state.
All countries of resettlement capitalism (the list of which is given below) have retained the agrarian and raw material specialization of their economies since colonial times. On the other hand, they are not at all like classical developing countries in a number of ways.
Countries of resettlement capitalism (list)
This group of states usually includes the former:
- Australia;
- New Zealand;
- South African Republic (South Africa);
- Canada;
- and Israel.
Some features of resettlement capitalism can be traced in the US.
One way or another, everyonethe above states (except Israel) were founded by immigrants from Europe (USA, Australia and New Zealand - by the British; Canada - by the British and French; South Africa - by the British and the Dutch). And all of them were under the powerful influence of Great Britain until the beginning of the twentieth century.
Each country of resettlement capitalism owes its economy to the Europeans, who built it in the form in which it still exists. Indigenous people in these countries (Maori, Eskimos, American Indians, etc.) practically do not participate in the economic life of their states.
A few words should be said about the natural resource potential of the countries from this list. It is mostly little studied and very rich, since the exploitation of natural resources began here much later than in old Europe. Canada, Australia or New Zealand still boast huge areas of forests and pastures for livestock.
Canada is a country of resettlement capitalism
On the shores of modern Canada, Europeans first appeared at the end of the 15th century. It was the ship of the sailor John Cabot, who discovered the island of Newfoundland. The British and French fought for the territory of this country for a very long time.
Modern Canada is a classic country of migrant capitalism. Its industrial-agrarian economy has enormous potential. In terms of GNP per capita, Canada is in the first worldten. The country's industry is diversified and complexly structured.
However, in some aspects, the national economy of Canada is very similar to the economies of underdeveloped countries. We are talking about agro-raw material specialization of production: the most developed industries in Canada are mining and primary processing of raw materials. But this fact does not prevent it from being among the richest and most prosperous countries in the world.
Conclusion
So, the countries of resettlement capitalism are: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa and Israel. All these states are distinguished by a special (dual) structure of the economy, the dominance of foreign capital, as well as the insufficient development of science and technology.
