Terrorism has become the number one socio-political problem today, as its scale has acquired a truly global significance. In the fight against terrorism, Russia is making every effort to avoid the dangerous and unpredictable consequences that humanity is already experiencing.
No Borders
Terrorism is a threat to the security of the whole world, all countries and all citizens inhabiting them, these are economic and political losses, this is a huge psychological pressure exerted on people. The scope of banditry in modern times is so wide that there are no state borders for it.
What can an individual state do against terrorism? Its international character dictates retaliatory measures, building a whole system of counteraction. This is exactly what Russia is doing in the fight against terrorism. The Russian Federation also feels its offensive on an international scale, so the question arose about the participation of its army even outside the country's territories.
Countering the forces of terror
The forces of the authorities and local self-governments carry out hourly vigilant work to ensure the safety of the country's population. The methods of combating terrorism inside Russia are as follows.
- Prevention: prevention of terrorist attacks by identifying and eliminating the conditions and causes that contribute to the commission of acts of terror.
- Russia in the fight against terrorism follows the chain from the detection, prevention, suppression, disclosure and investigation of each such case.
- The consequences of any manifestation of terror are minimized and eliminated.
Federal Law
The opposition was legally announced on March 6, 2006. According to the Federal Law, Russia can use the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the fight against terrorism. The following situations of the use of the Armed Forces are stipulated.
- Interfering with the flight of any aircraft hijacked by terrorists or used for a terrorist attack.
- Preventing a terrorist attack in the territorial sea of the Russian Federation and in internal waters, at any facility in the seas located on the shelf of the continent where the territory of the Russian Federation is located, ensuring the safe operation of navigation.
- Russia in the fight against terrorism participates in counter-terrorism operations, as provided for in this Federal Law.
- The fight against international terrorism outside the borders of the territories of the Russian Federation.
Suppression of terrorism in the air
RF Armed Forces may use combatequipment and weapons in accordance with the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation to eliminate the threat or suppress a terrorist act. If the aircraft does not respond to the commands of ground tracking stations and to the signals of the raised Russian aircraft to intercept, or refuses to obey without explaining the reasons, the RF Armed Forces stop the flight of the vessel, using military equipment and weapons, forcing it to land. In case of disobedience and the existing danger of an ecological catastrophe or death of people, the flight of the vessel is stopped by destruction.
Suppression of terrorism on the water
Internal waters, the territorial sea and its continental shelf and national maritime navigation (including underwater) RF Armed Forces must also protect, using the above methods of combating terrorism. If sea or river navigation facilities do not respond to commands and signals to stop violating the rules for using the water space of the Russian Federation and the underwater environment, or a refusal to obey follows, the weapons of warships and aircraft of the RF Armed Forces are used for coercion in order to stop the navigation facility and eliminate the threat of a terrorist attack, even by means of its destruction. It is necessary to prevent the death of people or an ecological catastrophe by applying any measures to combat terrorism.
Counter-terrorism internal and external
Regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation determine the decision of the President of Russia in involving military units and units of the RF Armed Forces to participate in the counter-terrorist operation. Military units, subunits and formations of the RF Armed Forces use military equipment, special means and weapons. Fightinginternational terrorism through the involvement of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is carried out in accordance with the international treaties of the Russian Federation, this Federal Law with the use of weapons or from the territory of the Russian Federation against the bases of terrorists or individuals located outside the Russian Federation, as well as using the RF Armed Forces outside the country. All these decisions are made personally by the President, currently V. Putin.
The fight against terrorism is the most important task of the modern world and very responsible. Therefore, the total size of the formation of the RF Armed Forces, the areas where it will operate, the tasks facing it, the period of stay outside the Russian Federation and other issues related to counter-terrorism activities outside the borders of the Russian Federation, are also decided personally by the President. The federal law on combating terrorism specifically stipulates this provision. The military units that are sent outside of Russia consist of contract servicemen who have undergone special preliminary training and are formed purely on a voluntary basis.
National security
Terrorism can be represented by both organizations and groups, as well as individuals. The national security strategy of the Russian Federation until 2020 provides for any manifestations of terrorist activity. The orientation can be of any plan - from a violent change in the basis of the constitutional order of the Russian Federation and the disorganization of the functioning of the state. authorities until the destruction of industrial and military facilities, as well as institutions and enterprises that providethe vital activity of the population, and to the intimidation of society by the use of chemical or nuclear weapons.
The problems of combating terrorism are that there is no consolidation of all public and state structures in uniting efforts to counter this most dangerous phenomenon. Here, any specially created counter-terrorism centers, even special services and law enforcement agencies, will not be able to effectively help. We need joint activities of all structures, branches of government, media.
Sources of terrorism
Any terrorist manifestations must be clearly traced to the very source and the reasons for their occurrence should be honestly named. An expert survey conducted among employees of the anti-terrorist units of the FSB of the Russian Federation revealed that the determinants (factors of occurrence) of terrorism are most often the following: a sharp decrease in the standard of living and the degree of social security. protection, political struggle and legal nihilism, the growth of separatism and nationalism, imperfect legislation, low authority of power structures, their ill-conceived decisions.
Growing terrorism is fueled mainly by contradictions in society, social tension, which is where political extremism comes from. The fight against extremism and terrorism requires the inclusion of a comprehensive program in which it will have not only political, but also economic, social, ideological, legal and many other aspects. The anti-terrorist policy of the Russian Federation is trying to solve the main, but only investigative tasks - the preservationterritorial integrity and sovereignty. And we should start with the reasons.
Fundamentals of combating terrorism
An integral part of state policy is the fight against terrorism in the Russian Federation, the purpose of which is, as already mentioned, to ensure the security, territorial integrity and sovereignty of the country. The main points of this strategy are:
- causes and conditions conducive to the emergence and spread of terrorism must be identified and eliminated;
- persons and organizations preparing for terrorist attacks must be identified, their actions warned and stopped;
- subjects involved in terrorist activities must be prosecuted in accordance with Russian law;
- forces and means designed to suppress, detect, prevent terrorist activities, minimize and eliminate the consequences of terrorist attacks must be maintained in constant readiness for their use;
- crowded places, important life support facilities and infrastructure must be provided with anti-terrorist protection;
- The ideology of terrorism should not be spread, and the work of outreach should be intensified.
Safety measures
Objects that can be targeted by terrorist operations have recently become much better equipped with engineering and technical meansprotection, also employees of security companies have significantly increased their level of training. Nevertheless, the anti-terrorist protection of places where people are massively staying is still clearly insufficient, since there were no uniform requirements for ensuring this at the facilities.
In 2013, on October 22, the Federal Law on Anti-Terrorist Protection of Objects came into force. Now, according to this document, the Government of the Russian Federation receives the right to establish mandatory requirements for the implementation of all individuals and legal entities for the anti-terrorist protection of objects and territories. Also, the requirements relate to their category, control regarding the fulfillment of the requirements, the form of the safety data sheet. Only transport infrastructure, vehicles and fuel and energy facilities are excluded from these facilities, where anti-terrorist protection is built much more strictly.
Global Threat
Terrorist organizations operate in Russia most often with the participation and under the leadership of foreign citizens who have been trained abroad and are financially supported by sources associated with international terrorism. According to the FSB of the Russian Federation, already in 2000 there were about three thousand foreign fighters in Chechnya. The Russian armed forces in the fighting of 1999-2001 killed more than a thousand foreigners from Arab countries: Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt, UAE, Jordan, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, Tunisia, Kuwait, Tajikistan, Turkey, Syria, Algeria.
In recent years, international terrorism has grown to become a global threat. In Russia, it is with thisassociated with the creation of the National Anti-Terrorism Committee (NAC). This is a collegial body that coordinates the activities of the executive authorities of both the federal and constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government, and also prepares relevant proposals to the President of the Russian Federation. The NAC was formed under the Counter-Terrorism Decree 2006. The chairman of the committee is the director of the FSB of the Russian Federation, General of the Army A. V. Bortnikov. Almost all heads of law enforcement agencies, government departments and chambers of the Russian parliament work under him.
Main tasks of NAC
- Preparation of proposals to the President of the Russian Federation regarding the formation of the state. policy and improvement of legislation in the field of countering terrorism.
- Coordination of all anti-terrorist activities of the federal executive power, commissions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, interaction of these structures with local self-government, public organizations and associations.
- Definition of measures to eliminate the causes and conditions conducive to terror, ensuring the protection of objects from potential attacks.
- Participation in the fight against terrorism, preparation of international treaties of the Russian Federation in this area.
- Ensuring social protection of people already engaged in or involved in the fight against terrorism, social rehabilitation of victims of terrorist attacks.
- Solution of other tasks stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Terror in the North Caucasus
In recent years, state authorities. authorities have takensignificant efforts to normalize the situation in the North Caucasus Federal District by implementing measures to counter terrorism. In December 2014, the director of the FSB of the Russian Federation A. Bortnikov noted the result of the coordination of preventive and security operations - terrorist crimes have become three times less compared to the same period in 2013: 218 crimes against 78.
However, the tension in the region is still high - both the North Caucasian bandit underground and international terrorism are active, despite the direct participation of all law enforcement agencies, law enforcement agencies and special services in the fight against it. Operational and combat measures are being taken, terrorist acts are being detected, prevented, suppressed, uncovered and investigated. Thus, during 2014, special services and law enforcement agencies managed to prevent 59 crimes of a terrorist nature and eight planned terrorist attacks. Thirty people associated with the gangster underground were persuaded to abandon terror.
When you fail to persuade
To combat terrorism, there is a complex of operational-combat, special, military and many other measures, when military equipment, weapons and special means are used to stop a terrorist act, neutralize militants, ensure the safety of people, institutions and organizations and minimize consequences of the attack. Here, the forces and means of the FSB agencies are involved, together with the group being created, the composition of which can be replenished by units of the RF Armed Forces and federal executive authorities, in charge ofwhich are issues of defense, security, internal affairs, civil defense, justice, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and many others.
As a result of such powerful counter-terrorist operations in the North Caucasus in 2014, 233 bandits were neutralized, of which 38 were leaders. 637 members of the gang underground were detained. 272 explosive devices, a lot of firearms and other means of destruction were confiscated from illegal circulation. In 2014, law enforcement agencies investigating terrorist acts brought 219 criminal cases to court, as a result of which the criminals were punished, including four perpetrators of the terrorist attacks in Volgograd.
Terror and international relations
Cross-border forms of terrorism are the most dangerous form of crime. Modern realities have turned it into a destabilizing factor in the development of international relations. Terrorist attacks on the use of weapons of mass destruction (nuclear weapons) are a serious threat to the existence of all mankind. And the world community, due to the inflated ambitions of its individual members, cannot even decide on the exact terminology regarding this phenomenon, although in general there has been a certain joint understanding of the main components of this phenomenon.
First of all, terrorism is illegal violence with weapons, the desire to intimidate the public of the world in the widest sections of its population, these are innocent victims. If a terrorist act affects the interests of more than one country, there is naturally an international element involved. The international community does not consider the political orientation to be a feature of international terrorism, strange as it may seem. However, in recent years, when it has become incredibly strong around the world, the UN General Assembly Committee is trying to start working again on a definition relating to international terrorism.
The role of Russia in the world community
The Russian Federation is very consistent on the path of joining efforts in the fight against terror. It has always been for the removal of barriers - religious, ideological, political and any other - between states that oppose terrorist crimes, because the main thing is the organization of an effective rebuff to all manifestations of terrorism.
As the successor of the USSR, the Russian Federation participates in the existing universal agreements on this fight. It is from its representatives that all constructive initiatives come, it is they who make the most tangible contribution both to the theoretical development of new agreements and to practical decisions on the creation of a common anti-terrorist international front.
