The trunk of a tree acts as a central highway, delivering nutrients from the roots to the leaves, flowers and fruits. In winter, it stores the substances necessary for life; in summer, sap flows through it. Trees usually have one trunk. It grows vertically along
in relation to the ground, but may be tilted or twisted as a result of any natural phenomena or third-party interventions. The trunk of the tree increases in growth due to the apical bud - this is the main shoot of the whole plant. The division of the cambium increases the thickness. Wood - the bulk of the trunk is divided into growth rings. From above, the tree trunk is covered with bark - a protective shell. As a rule, this part of the plant is characterized by a shape close to a cylinder. Thickness escapes to the top of the tree.
But sometimes a smooth tree trunk suddenly begins to change, and in one or more places a growth or burl appears in it. As a rule, these deviations occur as a result of some kind of sharp shift in the development of a particular tree for reasons of a natural nature orhuman intervention. Caps can grow not only on the trunk, but also on the roots of trees. The outgrowth on a tree trunk can be single, or it can be a group connected by rope-like processes. Caps are always covered with bark, even on the roots. Growth is not considered a disease of wood, but is a defect in wood as a building material.
On the other hand, the woody texture of the burl makes it popular with
sculptors, designers, painters, cabinetmakers. It is valued for its beauty and originality. It is due to the growth of a tree in a certain area: in a forest, in the mountains, close to a reservoir. Burls are used to make veneer, furniture, board games, sculpture, baguette, jewelry, knife handles, trim for cars, household items and much more. Wood of growths is very difficult to process both on machines and manually, since the fibers are uneven and heterogeneous. Some of them are strongly twisted, which makes the cap unusually hard and durable. But the wood of the growths is undoubtedly very beautiful, it is widely used in applied arts, boxes, caskets, dishes and more are made from it.
Sometimes a change that looks like a cap indicates a tree disease. The photo is taken from a tree where the burls have been removed, and there are obviously no textural changes in the wood. Tree diseases, as a rule, are complex processes that proceed in close interdependence with the environment. They are very varied andcharacter and pathology. During the disease, the affected tissues die off, but the vitality of the tree as a whole decreases. Also, these trees immediately attract masses of stem pests - insects. Biologists share several types of tree diseases: cancer, necrosis, rot (root and stem). Trees themselves often cannot cope with diseases on their own. A person helps them in this: in the garden - a gardener, in the forest - a specialist biologist. But, unfortunately, the disturbed ecology of the planet brings more and more tree diseases.
