Monarchist parties: overview, definition, goals, functions and features

2024 Author: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-12 02:43

Every political organization has an ideological platform as its main feature. Monarchist parties proclaim the revival of tsarist power in Russia as their main idea. The existence of such organizations began in the early twentieth century.

What is a monarchical form of government?

The term "monarchy" itself means that the main power in the state belongs to one person - the king, king, emperor, etc. The change of leader occurs according to the rules of succession to the throne. This form of government is either absolute, when the power in its entirety belongs only to the monarch, and his decisions are not contested by anyone, or constitutional, when the country has a parliament.

Today, there are countries where monarchical power has been preserved. Mostly it is a constitutional monarchy, as, for example, in England, where the royal house does not take part in government, but only performs a symbolic function, pays tributetraditions. You can meet the absolute power of the ruler in some eastern countries, for example, in Saudi Arabia.

Monarchy in Russia

In Russia, the monarchical system existed for many years, until the beginning of the 20th century. Initially, it was an absolute monarchy, when nothing limited the power of the sovereign. But during the reign of Nicholas II, the royal power underwent some changes. Starting in 1905, the State Duma appeared in the country, which meant the emergence of a constitutional order.

In Russia today, a parliamentary republic has been proclaimed, headed by the president. Also in our country there are a large number of political organizations, among which there are monarchist parties.

The emergence of monarchist organizations in Russia

Already by the end of the 19th century, political movements of a monarchist orientation began to take shape in the Russian Empire. Their main goal was to protect the existing system from various changes and reforms. An example is a society called "Russian conversation", which was founded at the turn of the century, in 1900. Also in this year, the oldest party was founded, whose activities continued illegally even after the Revolution. It was called "Russian Assembly".

Monarchist parties mainly began to appear after the Manifesto was released on October 17, thanks to which the population of the country gained democratic rights and freedoms. The State Duma was created, and the monarchist partyorientations have become one of the political forces.

If we talk about the political movements of that time, advocating the preservation of traditional values and royal power, then we can name the two largest organizations. They were created in 1905. One was called the Union of the Russian People, and the other was called the Russian Monarchist Party.

Union of the Russian People

This is the largest monarchist party in Russia in the 20th century. It had the largest number of members - about 350 thousand people. Anyone could join the organization, regardless of social status, but representatives of the intelligentsia played a dominant role. Such a wide coverage of all social groups was justified by the goal of the party - to unite all Russian people for the benefit of the Fatherland for the sake of a single and indivisible country.

Among the program principles of this organization, chauvinistic, nationalist sentiments and radical Orthodoxy were popular. She was also characterized by anti-Semitism - the rejection of persons of Jewish nationality.

As for the state structure, the Union of the Russian People is a monarchist party. The form of government is absolutism; parliamentary governing bodies of the country were denied. The only thing that this organization proposed was the creation of a people's deliberative body working for the benefit of the tsarist government.

The movement ceased to exist after the October Revolution. A reconstruction attempt was made in 2005.

Russian Monarchist Party

Political organization,called the Russian Monarchist Party, was also founded in 1905. Its number was not as huge as that of the Union of the Russian People - only about a hundred thousand people.

Starting from 1907, the Russian Monarchist Party began to bear a different name, which was associated with the sudden death of its founder and leader, V. A. Gringmuth. The organization became known as the Russian Monarchist Union, and was headed by I. I. Vostrogov, who had previously been Gringmouth's deputy.

Unlimited autocracy was proclaimed, the church played a special role in the life of the state. It was supposed to play the main role and be the guarantor and stronghold of the moral and spiritual life of people. As for the Duma, it was not rejected by the ideas of the movement, but was supposed to be a conciliar body of power.

Black Hundreds

The above parties do not represent the entire spectrum of monarchist organizations and movements of that period of time. The common name for these movements is the "Black Hundreds". They are members of patriotic organizations whose common feature is nationalism, anti-Semitism, chauvinism, adherence to Orthodoxy. These are conservative-monarchist parties that stood guard over the values traditional for that time, ideological adherents of absolute royal power.

Among them are such organizations as the Union of Michael the Archangel, the All-Russian Dubrovinsky Union of the Russian people, the Holy Squad, as well as the Union of Russian people and othersBlack Hundred movements.

Monarchist Party of the Russian Federation

Today, among the most famous parties and movements of the monarchist wing can be called the Monarchist Party of Russia, founded by political strategist, businessman Anton Bakov. The organization was officially registered by the Ministry of Justice in 2012, at the same time its founding congress was held. The Monarchist Party of Russia is an adherent of the constitutional monarchy, moreover, the text of their own Constitution is posted on the official website of the organization. An interesting point is that for its members this organization issues passports with citizenship of the Russian Empire and is going to take part in the elections. Party leader Anton Bakov publishes books, and is also known for statements regarding V. I. Lenin and J. V. Stalin. He is going to give them a public trial for the overthrow of the Romanov dynasty and the destruction of the Russian Empire.

As the heir to the throne, the Monarchist Party of the Russian Federation proposes Nicholas III, who is a descendant of Emperor Alexander II. It is known that this is a German prince who converted to the Orthodox faith.

Monarchist movement today

In modern Russia, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, a large number of different political organizations have appeared, among which there are also monarchist parties. They do not take part in the struggle for power, but are engaged in social activities - they hold various events.

As for the question of who should become sovereign ifRussia will return to royal power, then many parties and movements have their own opinion on this matter. Some recognize the heirs of the Romanov dynasty, now living abroad, as legitimate contenders for the throne, others believe that the tsar should be a people's choice, and still others generally recognize the current president of Russia as emperor.