Reckless human activity almost killed one of the curious species of animals - the sea elephant. They got their name not only for their huge size (these animals are larger than rhinos), but also for a kind of nasal growth. Thick and fleshy, it looks like an underdeveloped trunk. It is not used as a hand, like a real land elephant, but “works” as a resonator organ, several times amplifying the sound of a roar. He also shows the surrounding relatives how formidable and powerful his master is.
Description
The elephant seal belongs to the pinnipeds, a family of true seals. They surpass even walruses in size and are the largest in their class of predators. They are distinguished by heavy build, very coarse skin, covered with fur. Fat can be up to 30% of an elephant's live weight. Sexual dimorphism is very pronounced - the size of males significantly exceeds the size of females. Another difference is that females do not have a trunk. Two species are known: northern and southern.
Marinethe elephant dives perfectly, can hold its breath for up to 2 hours and descend to a depth of almost two kilometers. The speed of its movement in water is up to 23 km / h. They feed on fish, mollusks, plankton, and cephalopods. Among the main enemies (except humans) are killer whales and large sharks. No one threatens them on the shore, so they are very careless and can afford to sleep soundly, often with loud snoring. On land, they move with difficulty, pulling their carcass up on their front flippers. For one such "throw" animals cover a distance of no more than 35 cm.
Females reach sexual maturity at 3-4 years old, males at 6-7 years old. The breeding season is once a year. It begins with the fact that adult (from 8 years old) males are the first to swim to the places of the rookery and occupy parts of the beach. Then the females pull themselves up and, entering the “conquered” territory, automatically become members of the harem. There are sometimes up to 50 females per elephant (usually within 20). Fights for females can be very violent. During a tense duel, the elephant seal rises to its full gigantic height, keeping the body in an upright position on one tail. Young males (up to 8 years old) usually live on the periphery of the rookery and do not try to argue with the harem owners.
Pregnancy lasts 11 months. Usually, childbirth begins in females 5-6 days after arrival on shore. Newborn cubs feed exclusively on mother's milk for 4-5 weeks. They are born weighing up to 50 kg, up to 120 cm long. A month later they move to the outskirts of the haulout and after molting,aged 3-4 months, go to sea. Females after feeding babies are ready to mate.
Southern
Animal sizes: males - 6 meters in length, weight up to 4 tons, females are three times smaller. The southern elephant seal (photo in the text) has its own peculiarity: it has a clear separation between haulouts. Some are used as "maternity wards", others a few hundred kilometers away - for feeding. Islands - breeding grounds:
- Gough.
- Kerguelen.
- Campbell.
- Crozet.
- Maquarie.
- Morion.
- Tierra del Fuego.
- Auckland.
- Prince Edward.
- Falkland.
- Heard.
- South Georgia.
- South Orkney.
- South Sandwich.
- South Shetland.
The mating period falls on September-November. To date, the total number of animals is up to 700,000 animals.
North
Northern relative in style of life is little different. Mating takes place in February. It has permanent rookeries, where the sea elephant swims for breeding and for the molting period. The mainland (western coast of North America) from Mexico to Canada with pebble beaches or gently sloping rocky shores has long been chosen by water giants. It is inferior in size to its southern brother, males grow up to 5 meters, their weight fluctuates within 2.5 tons. They have a large trunk up to 30 cm, in an excited state it increases to 70 cm. Females weigh up to 900 kg, body length up to 3.5 meters.
It was the northern elephant seals that took the brunt of the extermination. After tough measures to ban fishing, their population has grown to 15 thousand individuals today. Not bad at all considering there were about a hundred of them left.
