Since ancient times, people needed such an unusual place that could save them from hardships and troubles. Everyone needed to know that he had somewhere to go. The church is exactly the place where people feel safe. They could share their deepest secrets with her, "talk to God" by telling him about their sins, and hope that he would forgive them.
The Importance of the Church in People's Lives
Each nation has its own special faith, but in general, all people are divided into two categories: those who believe in God, and those who do not recognize his existence. The first group always had the opportunity to visit a religious building - a church. There, in a sacred temple, a person found peace and repented of grave sins, he sought forgiveness and indulgence, comfort and warmth within the walls of the building and found it. Each building, as a rule, had a dome; it gives the church a particularly solemn look. It was made of the best materials, which shone brightly in the sun and attracted the attention of all travelers. This wonderful creation of architects gave the sacred temple a magical meaning and a touch of magic. So, every wanderer, tired on the road orthe lost could visit the church and find help, warmth and God there.
How did the dome come about?
The dome of the church is her main pride. The name of such an unusual design comes from the Italian cupola and represents the bearing element of the coating. As a rule, the shape of the dome is similar to a hemisphere or parabola, an ellipse. With this type of construction, you can block huge rooms. The dome is placed over round and polygonal buildings.
History of the origin of domes
Today, everyone knows that the sacred temple simply cannot exist without stunning domes. But few people know that they were invented and used in the prehistoric period, namely in the nuraghe or the monuments of Gaul. In addition, they could be seen in Etruscan burial vaults, pyramids. Of course, earlier the dome of the church, the name of which did not exist at that time, was a completely different design. It was made of stones or brickwork. The structures could hang over each other and did not transmit horizontal forces to the walls.
It was only when concrete was invented that builders learned how to make proper and high-quality domes. This happened during the period of the Roman architectural revolution. The Romans built beautiful structures that covered vast spaces. At the same time, people did not use supports. It was found that the oldest hemisphere was built in 128 AD.
Development of dome construction
In the eraThe period of the most acute development of dome construction is coming. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, such hemispheres were built in the cathedrals of Santa Maria del Fiore and St. Peter. These were truly divine designs made by true professionals. In baroque times, the dome of the church was considered the largest element of the building.
Starting from the nineteenth century, domes began to be built not only in sacred temples, but also in government institutions. In ordinary houses, structures of this type were also present, but this happened extremely rarely. During this period, the golden domes of churches became extremely popular. In addition to the noble metal, other materials were used, such as glass and reinforced concrete. In the twentieth century, the use of hemispheres has become more popular several times. From this period, domes were erected in sports facilities, entertainment venues, and so on.
Variety of domes
Many are interested in what should be the dome of the church. There are many types of designs, you can choose any you like (if it does not contradict religious beliefs). So, the following types of this overlap are distinguished: waist, "bulb", oval, sail, "saucer", polygonal, "umbrella". The first of them is considered the most ancient and is practically not used in our time. The oval dome comes from the Baroque style, it is built in the form of an egg. The sail design allows craftsmen to depict arches that support the "sail". The square dome is fixed in fourcorners and as if blown from below. A variety of designs in the form of a saucer is considered the lowest. It is shallow, but today you can find many buildings with this type of dome. A polygon structure is based on a polygon. As for the "umbrella" dome, it is divided into segments by the so-called "ribs", which diverge from the center to the base.
Onion dome
The most common type is the "bulb". It has a convex shape, which smoothly sharpens upwards. This type of dome is quite common in many countries. Among them are India, Russia, Turkey and the Middle East. Moreover, the "onion" dome is most often used in Orthodox sacred churches. It has a large diameter and is mounted on a "drum". Often the height of a structure exceeds its width.
It is believed that churches with several domes are of Russian origin. Therefore, examining such structures, people immediately associate them with Russia. Also a distinctive feature of the Slavic builders is the size of the domes. They are much smaller than the Byzantine ones, and, as a rule, are painted in a bright color. Most often, the designs are covered with gilding. In fact, it does not matter at all what the color of the dome of the church is. It's up to the servants to decide, but they're usually made bright to stand out from the other buildings and always be found by their radiance.
What does the dome mean in the religion of different nations?
The religion of each nation has its own distinctive features, but almost every one of them has a church dome. Its meaning is also different. For example, a design for Christian and Muslim architecture is considered extremely important. Many Catholic, Orthodox and other churches, mosques and cathedrals are equipped with stunning domes. Some creeds give the design a symbolic meaning. For the Orthodox, this is a sign of heaven, which is associated with God, the Kingdom of Heaven and Angels.
We also note that the grandiose structure is considered to be a belt dome, which was first built in 1250 BC in the Treasury of Atreus. Even then, the Greeks endowed the construction with a sacred meaning. Then monumental domes were built in Italy. As you know, it was thanks to the Italians that hemispheres began to develop and gain popularity so quickly. In addition, with their help, they spread throughout the world, striking the peoples of different countries with their luxury, solemnity and uniqueness.
