"Ilyich Square". Silence behind the Rogozhskaya Zastava

2024 Author: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-12 02:41

Moskovskaya Square Rogozhskaya Zastava has changed its name more than once during its existence. Now it is located almost in the center of the city, in the Tagansky district, and once it was the outskirts. There are many interesting stories associated with this place. The metro stations "Rimskaya" and "Ploschad Ilyicha" are located on the square.

History of the Square

In the 16th century, on the left bank of the Yauza, coachmen began to settle, delivering mail and passengers. They carried goods to the village of Rogozhsky Yam (later Bogorodsk, now Noginsk). Postal stations were called pits, which were located at a distance of 60-70 km (approximately a day's run of horses). In the 18th century, after the creation of the Kamer-Kollezhsky Val, one of the 16 outposts on the border of Moscow was located there. Initially, goods imported into Moscow were checked at the outposts and a duty was collected. Then the duties were canceled, and the outposts served only for police control. Rogozhskaya outpost prospered and grew rich. The outpost began to be actively populated, houses were built, shops and workshops were opened, a market was formed.

Old Believers

Families of Old Believers settled in the settlement separated by the Yauza River from the 17th century. Many merchants professing this faith also settled here. The Rogozhsky cemetery was the center of the community. In 1825 it had about 68,000 parishioners. Sloboda differed from the rest of Moscow in its special patriarchal way of life. It was difficult for outsiders to find a place there. During the plague epidemic in 1771, the Old Believers organized plague barracks for the sick with their own money. Subsequently, an almshouse for the elderly, shelters, and educational institutions appeared. At the beginning of the XX century. more than 700 old people lived in the almshouse. In the settlement there was an Old Believer Institute. The training there lasted 6 years. Merchants Morozov, Ryabushinsky, Soldatenkov, who did a lot for Russia, are buried at the Rogozhsky cemetery.

In 1845, not far from the settlement, the Goujon plant was launched, which later turned into the industrial giant Hammer and Sickle. "Wine Warehouse No. 1" appeared there, which turned into the "Crystal" plant

With the construction of the Nizhny Novgorod railway, access was opened for newcomers to the settlement, and a special way of life ceased to exist. The Yamskaya fishery also fell into decay.

Vladimirka

The Vladimirsky tract begins from the Rogozhskaya Zastava. From there, prisoners were sent to hard labor in Siberia. To the sound of chains, half-shorn convicts rushed for alms, which were thrown by compassionate residents. Dressed in gray pea jackets, with an ace of diamonds on their backs at the head of the column, there were those who went to hard labor. They were followed by those who did notthere were documents. They were expelled from Moscow to the outback. At the end of the stage, carts with relatives, wives and children moved. From 1761 to 1782 about 60 thousand people passed through the stage. During the time of Nicholas I, up to 8 thousand prisoners a year passed along Vladimirka. The Vladimir tract was called the road of sorrow. It is hard to imagine what those who called this road "Enthusiast Highway" were thinking.

Square in the 20th century

In 1919, Rogozhskaya Sennaya Square was renamed Ilyich Square, and Rogozhskaya Zastava in 1923 became known as Ilyich Zastava, in honor of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. In 1994 the old historical name was returned to the square. Partially merchant buildings of the end of the 19th century have been preserved in the area. In 1816, Alexander the First ordered that houses in Moscow be painted "gentle and with the best colors." The colors for painting the facades of the house were determined. Modern architects took advantage of the order of the emperor and painted the cute two-story houses in original colors.

Ploshad Ilyicha metro station

The station has existed since 1979. It is a deep station, pylon, has three vaults and one platform. Eight pylons are lined with red stone "Salieti", plinths - with "Labradorite". The floor in the aisle is covered with black "Gabro", and the walls of the platform are finished with white "Koelga" stone. The station is illuminated by fluorescent lamps that form a strip. Between the pylons, the lamps are located in caissons. The authors-architects of the station are Klokov, Popov, Petukhova. Sculpture by V. I. Lenin was made by the sculptor Tomsky. In the center of the lobby there is a transition to the Rimskaya station. Through the underground passage you can go to the Rogozhskaya Zastava Square, to the Hammer and Sickle platform, to the Enthusiasts Highway. Stations "Rimskaya", "Ploshchad Ilyicha", platform "Sickle and Hammer" form a major transport hub.

The construction of the station was difficult. Due to geological features, the diameter of the tunnel had to be reduced. During the construction process, the underground lake was affected and the tunnels flooded. A complex engineering operation was carried out, as a result of which 65,000 m³ of water was poured into the Moscow River. But despite this, the station was commissioned on time.

Square in Literature

This place of Moscow is found more than once or twice in the literature. Archpriest Avvakum tells in his letters how he crossed the Rogozhskaya outpost. Nikolai Svechin, a popular author of retrodetectives, describes the life and customs of the Old Believer community in the book "The Testament of Archpriest Avvakum". Vladimir Gilyarovsky in the book "Moscow and Muscovites" tells in detail about the Rogozhskaya outpost and the sufferers who walked along the stage.

From childhood, everyone remembers the famous Uncle Styopa. He lived Sergey Mikhalkov settled a charming hero:

in the house eight fraction one, at Zastava Ilyich…

"Ploschad Ilyich", address in the cinema

Older people remember the movie"The house where I live" (1957). There, Nikolai Rybnikov sings the song: "Silence behind the Rogozhskaya Zastava …". This song has been heard by an entire generation for many years. The words "Ilyich Square, Moscow" were a kind of password for the sixties.

In 1965 Marlen Khutsiev's film "Ilyich's Outpost" was released. This is the time of the thaw, the heroes of the film are young people of the sixties. The film includes footage from poetry evenings, poems are read by Yevtushenko, Voznesensky, Akhmadullina, Rozhdestvensky. It was a time of great hopes, which, unfortunately, did not come true. Critics called this film an anthem for a generation.

For Muscovites, the address "Ploshchad Ilyicha" evokes various associations and means a lot. Not far from the metro there are cafes, restaurants, shopping centers.