Do you know how many lines a paratrooper's parachute has? What are they made from? You will find answers to these and other questions in the article. A parachute is a device made of fabric, made in the form of a semicircle, to which a load or suspension system is attached with straps. It slows down the movement of an object in the air. Parachutes are used to delay the movement of winged vehicles during landing and jumps from fixed objects (or from aircraft) in order to safely descend and land cargo (people).
Varieties
Many people are interested in knowing how many lines a paratrooper's parachute has. At first, air umbrellas were used for a soft landing of a person on Earth. Today, with the help of them, people are rescued, parachuted from the air. In addition, they serve as sports equipment.
For the landing of goods and cars, cargo sky umbrellas were invented. Several such devices can be used simultaneously for landing heavy equipment. Rescue systems onlight aircraft are their variety. Such devices consist of a parachute and forced pull accelerators (rocket, ballistic or pyrotechnic). When a dangerous situation arises, the pilot activates the rescue equipment and the plane parachutes to the ground. These techniques are often criticized.
Small stabilizing parachutes (also retractable) regulate body position during a relaxed descent. Air containment umbrellas were developed to shorten the braking distance on transport and military aircraft, to stop cars in drag racing. For example, Tu-104 aircraft and early Tu-134 models were equipped with such devices.
In order to reduce the speed of the spacecraft when landing on a celestial object or while moving in the atmosphere, parachutes are also used. It is known that ordinary round sky umbrellas have been developed for landing people and cargo. And there are also round parachutes made in the form of a Rogallo wing, with a retracted top, tape for supersonic speed, parafoils - wings in the form of an ellipse or a rectangle, and many others.
Device for disembarking people
So, how many lines does a paratrooper's parachute have? For a safe landing of a person, experts have developed the following types of air umbrellas:
- special purpose;
- rescue;
- training;
- airborne;
- shell gliding parachute systems (sports).
Basictypes are landing (round) parachutes and "wing" systems (shell gliders).
Types of army "air umbrellas"
Every soldier should know how many lines a paratrooper's parachute has. Army sky umbrellas come in two types: square and round. The canopy of a landing round parachute is a polygon, which, when filled with air, takes the form of a hemisphere. The top has a cutout (or less dense fabric) in the center. Such systems (for example, D-5, D-10, D-6) differ in the following altitude characteristics:
- working normal altitude - from 800 to 1200 m;
- ejection height limit - 8 km;
- lowest throw - 200 m with at least 10 sec descent on full canopy and 3 sec stabilization
Circular parachutes are difficult to control. They have approximately equal horizontal and vertical speed (5 m/s). The weight of these devices is:
- 13.8kg (D-5);
- 11.7kg (L-10);
- 11.5kg (D-6).
Square parachutes (for example, the Russian "Leaf" D-12, T-11 USA) have additional slots in the arch, with the help of which the parachutist controls the horizontal movement. They also improve maneuverability. The horizontal speed of products is up to 5 m/s, and the speed of descent is up to 4 m/s.
D-6
And now let's find out how many lines the paratrooper's D-6 parachute has, which was developed by the Research Institute of Parachute Engineering (Aviation Equipment Holding). It is used for combat and trainingtraining jumps from transport aircraft. Previously, it was used by the airborne troops of the USSR.
Today, the modified D-6 device of the fourth series, along with the new D-10, is used by flying clubs and airborne troops. Its corrective dome system consists of lines, a stabilizer with a link, and a top base. Along the lower edge of the vault, under the reinforcing radial tapes, 16 ropes from the ShKP-200 kapron rope are threaded and stitched. The length of the extreme lines, placed in a free state on each loop, from the bottom edge of the top to the stabilizer loops is 520 mm, and the middle lines are 500 mm.
D-6 nuances
The base of the D-6 dome is made of nylon material art. 560011П, and the overlay is made of the same fabric, but has art. 56006P. Between the lines No. 15A and 15B, 1A and 1B, on the basis of the dome there are slots of 1600 mm in size, designed to turn the arch during descent. At the top there are 30 cables made of ShKP-150 kapron rope. 7 slings are attached to the free edges of the suspended structure No. 2 and 4, and 8 slings to No. 1 and 3.
The length of the lines in a free position from the half-ring buckles to the lower edge of the dome is 9000 mm. Marks are drawn on them at a distance of 200 mm from the lower edge of the vault and 400 mm from the half-rings-buckles of the free ends. They are great for facilitating the installation of dome cables. Coordination ropes are sewn to slings No. 15A and 15B, 1A and 1B. The dome has an area of 83 sq. m.
Control lines are made ofkapron red harness ShKPkr. They are passed through rings sewn to the inside of the free ends of the hanging structure.
D-10
And now we will tell you how many lines the parachute of the D-10 paratrooper has. It is known that this sky umbrella replaced the D-6 parachute. Its squash-shaped dome with beautiful appearance and improved performance has an area of 100 square meters. m.
Device D-10 is made for the landing of novice paratroopers. With it, you can perform combat and training jumps from An-26, An-22, An-12, Il-76 transport and military aircraft, An-2 aircraft, Mi-6 and Mi-8 helicopters. On the ejection, the flight speed is 140-400 km / h, the smallest jump height is 200 m with stabilization for 3 seconds, the maximum is 4000 m with a flight mass of a person of 140 kg, the decrease occurs at a speed of 5 m / s. The D-10 parachute has different line lengths. It weighs little and has a lot of control options.
Each serviceman knows how many lines the main parachute of a D-10 paratrooper has. The device has 22 ropes with a length of 4 meters and 4 cables connected to the loops of the slots of the dome, 7 m in size from a kapron rope ShKP-150.
The parachute is also equipped with 22 additional external lines from the ShKP-150 harness, 3 m long. In addition, it has 24 internal additional ropes from the ShKP-120 harness, 4 m in size, attached to the base lines. Cables 2 and 14 are connected by a pair of internal additional slings.
D10P
What is the advantage of a landing parachute? D-10and D10P are amazing systems. The D10P device is designed so that it can be converted to D-10 and vice versa. It can be practiced without stabilization for forced opening. And you can attach it, put the parachute to work with adjustment - and into the plane, into the sky …
The D10P dome is made of 24 wedges, the lines have a tensile strength of 150 kg each. Their number is identical to the number of cables of the sky umbrella D-10.
Spares
And how many lines does a paratrooper's reserve parachute have? It is known that the design of the D-10 allows the use of spare air umbrellas of the 3-5, 3-4, 3-2 types. The opening of the two-cone lock is insured by parachutes PPK-U-165A-D, AD-ZU-D-165.
Consider the reserve parachute 3-5. It consists of the following parts: canopy with lines, suspension intermediate system, backpack, manual opening link, parachute bag and passport, auxiliary parts.
A reserve parachute contributes to a safe descent (landing) speed. It is a load-bearing surface made in the form of a framed surface layer with load-bearing parts that connect the top to the suspension intermediate system.
The parachute has a round arch with an area of 50 square meters. m, which consists of four sectors made of five nylon panels. These components are sewn together with a seam in the lock.
24 slings of kapron rope SHKP-150 are attached to the loops of the dome. Their longitude in a free position from the lower edge of the vault to the half-rings of the suspension intermediate systemequal to 6.3 m. To simplify the laying of the arch, the 12th line is made of a red cord (or an identification red sleeve is sewn on it).
There is a black mark on each rope at a distance of 1.7 m from the lower edge of the arch, indicating the place where the slings are laid in the cells of the knapsack.
Interaction of parts
If the main parachute does not work, the paratrooper must sharply pull out the pull ring of the manual opening element by hand. As a result, the pockets of the exhaust device, located around the pole clearance, being in the air stream, pull out the arch and lines of the reserve parachute from the satchel and remove the person from it.
Under the influence of the air flow, the dome of this device fully expands, allowing for a normal landing.
