Daniel Barenboim is a gifted Argentine-Israeli pianist and conductor, also a citizen of Palestine and Spain. Known for his efforts to promote peace in the Middle East. As a performer, he distinguished himself with his interpretation of the works of Mozart and Beethoven, and as a conductor he received recognition for directing the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.
Early Biography
Daniel Barenboim was born in Argentina to a Russian Jewish family. At the age of 5, he began to play the piano: his mother began to teach him, and then his father. In 1950, when he was 7, he gave his first concert in Buenos Aires. Arthur Rubinstein and Adolf Bush played an important role in Daniel's development. In 1952, the family emigrated to Israel.
Two years later, in the summer of 1954, the parents brought their son to Salzburg to take part in Igor Markevich's conducting classes. That same summer he met Wilhelm Furtwängler, played forhim and attended his rehearsals and concert. The great conductor later wrote that the eleven-year-old Daniel was a phenomenon, and this opened many doors for the talented child. Barenboim studied composition and harmony with Nadia Boulanger in Paris in 1955.
Artist
Barenboim first performed in Rome and Vienna in 1952, in 1955 in Paris, the following year in London and in 1957 in New York. From that moment on, he made annual concert tours in the United States and Europe. In 1958 he went to Australia and soon became known as one of the most versatile young pianists.
In 1954, Daniel Barenboim made his first recordings and soon began to record the most significant piano works, including concertos and complete cycles of sonatas by Beethoven and Mozart (with Otto Klemper), Brahms (with John Barbirolli) and Bartok (with Pierre Bules).
Then he began to devote more time to the art of conducting. His close relationship with the English Chamber Orchestra began in 1965 and lasted over 10 years. With this band, Barenboim performed in England and toured throughout Europe, the US, Japan, Australia and New Zealand.
Conductor
After making his debut as a conductor of the new London Philharmonic Orchestra in 1967, Barenboim was in demand by all the leading European and American symphony bands. Between 1975 and 1989 he was musical director of the Parisian orchestra and distinguished himself by his commitment tomodern trends in the productions of works by Lutoslavsky, Luciano Berio, Pierre Boulet, Henze, Henri Dutillet, Takemitsu and others.
He was also an active chamber musician, performing with his wife, the cellist Jacqueline du Pre, among others, as well as with Gregor Piatigorsky, Itzhak Perlman and Pinchas Zukerman. In addition, he accompanied the German vocalist Dietrich Fischer-Gieskau.
Daniel Barenboim made his operatic debut in 1973 with a performance of Mozart's Don Giovanni at the Edinburgh International Festival. He made his first appearance in Bayreuth in 1981 and has been a regular visitor ever since, conducting in the operas Tristan und Isolde, Der Ring des Nibelungen, Parsifal, Die Meistersinger.
In 1991, Barenboim succeeded Sir George Solti as musical director of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, with whom he performed successfully in all the great concert halls of the world. In 1992 he became General Music Director of the Berlin State Opera. He also collaborates with the Berlin and Vienna Philharmonic Orchestras. With the latter, he traveled to the US, Paris and London in 1997.
Sound recording
The talented pianist has been actively recording since 1954. At 13, Daniel Barenboim played sonatas by Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, preludes by Shostakovich and works by Pergolesi, Mendelssohn, Brahms and others. He has collaborated with Westminster, EMI, Deutsche Grammophon, Decca, Philips, Sony Classical (CBS Masterworks), BMG, Erato Disques. With the Teldec label, hereleased recordings in which he conducted the Berlin Philharmonic and Chicago Symphony Orchestras and the Berlin State Capella.
In 1996, the best-selling Argentine tango album was released in collaboration with Rodolfo Mederos and Hector Console. An album in memory of Ellington with Diana Reeves, Don Byron and jazz musicians from Chicago was released in the fall of 1999 to mark the centenary of the birth of the American jazzman. In the summer of 2000, Brazilian Rhapsody was released, an album of Brazilian pop music arranged by Bebu Silvetti, featuring Barenboim and legendary Brazilian performers Milton Nascimento and Quiro Baptista.
Mission to unite
Musicians are, by definition, communicators. In their performances, they convey to the audience their style and meaning of the work. Barenboim's determined character, exceptional technique and musicality have been at the heart of many of his performances and recordings, both as a pianist and conductor. He also managed to build many other bridges.
A World War II-born Jew and an Israeli citizen, he worked for many years in close collaboration with three German orchestras - the Berlin Philharmonic, the Staatschapel Berlin and the Bayreuth Festival Orchestra - in an atmosphere of mutual love and respect.
When it comes to music education, Barenboim, himself a father of two sons, sought to captivate young people with creativity. He was closely involved in the planning of the interactive learning center of the ChicagoSymphony Orchestra, which was opened in September 1998. This is the first facility of its kind in the world that allowed children of all ages to explore jazz, blues, gospel, rap, folk, pop, ethnic and classical music using interactive technologies and special exhibits.
Peaceful coexistence
In the early 1990s, a chance meeting between Israeli pianist Daniel Barenboim and Palestinian writer and Columbia University professor Edward Said in the lobby of a London hotel led to a close friendship that had both political and musical consequences. The two politically distant men discovered in their first hour-long meeting that they had a similar vision of opportunities for future cooperation between Israel and Palestine.
They decided to continue their dialogue and collaborate on music events to promote their shared vision of peaceful coexistence in the Middle East. This led to Daniel Barenboim's first concert in the West Bank at Birzeit University in February 1999 and a seminar for young Middle Eastern performers in Weimar, Germany in August 1999.
It took 2 years to organize and attract talented young performers aged 14 to 25 from Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Tunisia and Israel. The idea was for them to come together in neutral territory under the guidance of world virtuosos. Weimar was chosen as the venue for the meeting due toits rich cultural traditions, replete with the names of great writers, poets, musicians and artists. In addition, this city was the European Capital of Culture in 1999.
Daniel wisely chose two concertmasters, an Israeli and a Lebanese one. At first, the young people had some tense moments, but under the guidance of members of the Berlin Philharmonic and Chicago Symphony Orchestras and the Berlin State Capella, as well as after master classes with cellist Yo-Yo Ma and nightly cultural discussions with Said and Barenboim, the young musicians worked and played with growing harmony.
New destinations
Barenboim addressed both his audience and new musical experiences. Along with the repertoire of classical and romantic eras, he included contemporary works in the program. He has also expanded his repertoire to include African-American melodies, Argentinean tango, jazz and Brazilian music.
An example is the Chicago Symphony Orchestra's 1995 performance of Hannibal Lokumbe's African Portraits, featuring gospel singer Jeveta Steele, blues singer David Edwards, the Hannibal Lokumbe Quartet and three African-American choirs. The same applies to the recording of the Argentine tango "Mi Buenos Aires Querido: tango among friends". Barenboim and colleagues later performed this repertoire in several North American and European cities. "Tribute to Ellington" - his immersion in jazz - and "Brazilian Rhapsody" further demonstrate the inexhaustiblethe conductor's curiosity and his conviction that music should bring people together.
Anniversary of creative activity
In 2000, the world celebrated the 50th anniversary of Daniel Barenboim's debut. Major events took place in Berlin, Chicago, New York, and on the anniversary day, August 19, in Buenos Aires. Always looking to the future, the indefatigable musician also recorded the first cycle of Beethoven's symphonies in his anniversary year. And in 2000, the Berlin Staatskapelle elected Barenboim as principal conductor for life.
Private life
Daniel met the English cellist Jacqueline du Pré on the eve of 1966. Immediately after the end of the 6-day war, they flew to Jerusalem. Jacqueline converted to Judaism and in 1967 they were married. In October 1973, the wife was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis and died in October 1987.
Daniel Barenboim and Elena Bashkirova started dating in the early 1980s. The Russian pianist gave birth to two children - David-Arthur in 1982 and Michael in 1985. The couple married in 1988, a year after Jacqueline's death.
