The composition of Russia has been formed out of 85 subjects. Republics make up one-fourth of that number. They occupy about thirty percent of the total territory of the country. One sixth of all residents of the state live there (excluding Crimea). Next, we will analyze the term "republic" in more detail. The article will also provide some historical information regarding the formations of these entities, a list of formations existing today.
The concept of the "Republic of Russia"
Regions and territories are considered to be the administrative-territorial components of the country. Republics are commonly referred to as state entities. We can say that they are small people's associations that exist on the territory of one state. All the republics of Russia establish their own constitution. In addition, these entities can legalize a singlefor the entire autonomy the state language. During the existence of the Soviet Union, the concept of autonomous socialist republics (abbreviated ASSR) was used, which were also called autonomous regions. They had the meaning of national-state formations, while the regional centers and territories were called units of the territory.
First formations
The republics of Russia began to form at the beginning of the twentieth century, as soon as the revolution ended. They were created, leaving the provincial territories and other units. However, further such formations began to arise from already existing areas with a free position. Usually they were considered separate territories, but sometimes they remained part of the territories and regional centers. When the Constitution was adopted in 1936, new republics began to appear less and less. Few of those who appeared earlier completely separated from Russia, remaining, however, as part of the USSR.
Formations that are part of other entities
There were not only the republics of Russia. They were also formed as part of already separated formations, representing autonomous units. For example, independent entities emerged from the Soviet Republic of Georgia - Adjaristan and Abkhazia. And in the Republic of Azerbaijan, Nakhichevan was formed. For five years, the autonomous formation of Tajikistan was part of the Uzbek SSR. Later, it finally acquired full independence and became the Tajik SSR, also entering into an alliance with the once patronizing republic. Someyears later, Uzbekistan received the Karakalpak ASSR in its possession. The territory of Ukraine was previously adjoined by the Republic of Moldova, which left it after twenty-six years of union, leaving part of the territories. Tuva became the last republic to be formed. After its appearance, the number of autonomous entities did not change for another thirty years.
Further development
Starting from 1990, the republics of Russia began to form again (the list will be given below). However, now the formation took place due to the acquisition by the former autonomous subjects and regions of absolute sovereignty. In the summer of 1990, each republic achieved independence, as well as many regions that had not previously had autonomy. There was a transformation of the Adyghe, Khakass, Gorno-Altai and, in addition to them, the Karachay-Cherkess regions. Then Chechnya and Ingushetia separated, which had once been a united republic. During the procedure for the acquisition of independence by subjects, they were awarded the title of sovereign.
However, it is worth noting that for all the time the topic of obtaining full autonomy by the republics and secession from Russian territories has not been mentioned. After gaining independence, new objects developed in different ways. For example, the barely formed republics of Adzharia and Nakhichevan, which for many years had the status of autonomies, merged with other subjects. So, they became part of the Georgian and Azerbaijani formations. Abkhazia, which was a Soviet republic,planned to remain part of the union of sovereign states, while Georgia did not support this idea. A similar problem arose on the left bank of the Dniester, which was previously considered part of the Moldavian autonomy, and then decided to become an independent territory. There was no peaceful solution to the problem, so a series of hostilities began. They did not help Georgia and Moldova regain control, they only contributed to the acceleration of the formation of two new republics - Abkhazia and Transnistria.
List
Twenty-two autonomous entities are known. As a rule, in all sources the republics of Russia are distributed in alphabetical order. So, the list is marked:
- Republic of Adygea;
- Altai;
- Bashkortostan;
- Buryatia;
- Dagestan;
- Ingushetia;
- Kabardino-Balkar Republic;
- Kalmykia;
- Karachay-Cherkess Republic;
- Karelia;
- Komi;
- Republic of Crimea;
- Mari El;
- Mordovia;
- Sakha (Yakutia);
- North Ossetia - Alania;
- Tatarstan;
- Tuva Republic;
- Udmurt Republic;
- Khakassia;
- Chechen Republic;
- Chuvash.
Chuvash Republic
Subject located in the Volga Valley. On the right bank there is the Volga Upland, and on the left bank there is a flat territory. In this part, the Volga receives the Sura, Anish and Tsivil tributaries. In the 2nd millennium BC, on the site of the currentThe Republic was inhabited by representatives of the Balanovskaya and Srubnaya peoples. A few centuries later they were replaced by the Gorodets tribes. Active settlement began in the 7th–9th centuries AD. At that time, the Suvar and Bulgarian tribes moved from the Lower Volga region. Subsequently, it was from these peoples that the Chuvash were formed. By the 10th-13th centuries, Volga Bulgaria was formed. But by the 14th century, the state had fallen into decay. This was due to the raids of the Tatar-Mongols. So, for several centuries, the lands passed either to the Bulgarians, or to the Mongol-Tatars, or adjoined the Kazan Khanate (in 1546, the territory of the future Chuvashia was under its yoke). As a result, the people asked for help from the then reigning Ivan the Terrible. In the sixteenth century they were annexed by Russia. The Chuvash Republic had several fortresses on its territory. Among them are, for example, Yadrin, Tsivilsk.
