Today, the defense of coastal zones, as well as the destruction of offshore facilities, is carried out through the SCRC. Anti-ship missile systems are considered the most powerful, autonomous and mobile systems equipped with their own target designation tools. According to experts, the combat use of SCRC is not limited to ships alone. By means of anti-ship missile systems, it is also possible to hit ground targets located thousands of kilometers away. This fact explains the increased interest in modern high-precision missile weapons. The list of Russian missile systems, names and specifications are presented in this article.
General information
Even in the days of the Soviet Union, the construction of coastal missile systems (BRK) was given especially great attention, since they were an important tool capable ofto ensure naval superiority over the countries of the West. During the years of the USSR, several complexes were created, the task of which was to provide coastal defense. Soviet engineers designed operational-tactical systems capable of sending a missile over a distance of over 200,000 meters. And today, similar missile systems are used in Russia, photos of which are presented in the article. Coastal missile and artillery troops, as well as the marines, are equipped with the troops of the Navy.
Of course, over time, Soviet-made systems become obsolete and must be replaced. According to experts, new missile systems are being developed in Russia on the basis of the old DBKs. With their help, surface ships, landing units and an enemy convoy are destroyed. In addition, the complexes cover naval bases, coastal naval facilities, coastal sea communications and military groups operating in one or another coastal direction. Experts say that Russia's strategic missile systems can be used in cases where it is necessary to destroy an enemy base or port.
DBK Uran X-35
Created in 1995 by employees of the State Scientific Production Center "Star-Arrow". The complex is represented by the Kh-35 cruise missile, transport and launch containers (TPK), launchers, shipborne automated control system and a complex with ground equipment. Storage, transportation and combat use of the X-35 is carried out with the help of TPK. The container is a cylinder, inside of which there are specialguides. The end parts of the TPK are closed. The covers are folded back by spring mechanisms when the pyrobolts are triggered. With the help of the Uran anti-ship missile system, enemy surface ships are destroyed, the displacement of which does not exceed 5 thousand tons. The Kh-35 Uran missile is small and versatile. It is widely used by the Russian Navy.
The advantage of the Uranus anti-ship missile system is that, due to its small size and weight, it can be transported by any ship and aircraft. For example, in aviation, the X-35 missile is used by Su-30SM and Su-35S multirole fighters, Su-34 Utenok and Su-24 front-line bombers, MiG-29 SMT multirole light fighters and Ka-27, 28, 52K helicopters. In the Navy, the anti-ship coastal missile system is used by frigates, corvettes (project 22380), the Yaroslav Mudry patrol boat (project 11540), missile boats, Yasen and Yasen-M nuclear submarines of projects Nos. 885 and 885M.
X-35 has a two-stage design, equipped with a launch booster and a sustainer engine. The maximum range indicator is 260 thousand meters. The target is hit by a penetrating high-explosive fragmentation warhead, which weighs 145 kg. The Kh-35 was equipped with an active radar homing head (ARLGSN), thanks to which the missile can search for a target offline. X-35s use the Russian DBK (coastal missile systems) "Bal".
TTX
X-35 has the following indicators:
- Rocket length 4.4 m.
- Diameter - 42 cm.
- X-35 with a wingspan of 1.33 m.
- Total weight 600 kg.
- Moving towards the target at a speed of 300 m/s.
- Equipped with a dual-circuit turbojet engine.
- The indicator of the minimum flight range is 5 thousand meters, the maximum is 130 thousand meters.
- Launched from TPK.
DBK "Bal"
Is one of the modern missile systems in Russia. It has been in service with the Navy since 2008. Shoots anti-ship missiles X-35. Through the anti-ship missile system, the Russian military controls territorial waters and strait zones, protects naval bases, various coastal facilities and coastal infrastructure. According to experts, the BRK "Bal" is successfully used for protection in those places that are considered convenient for landing enemy troops. DBK is a mobile system using the MZKT-7930 chassis. The composition of the complex is presented:
- Two self-propelled command posts that provide command and control.
- Self-propelled launchers in the amount of 4 pcs. In the SPU there are transport and launch containers (TPK) with PRK. For this coastal system, Kh-35 anti-ship missiles and its modifications Kh-35E and Kh-35UE are used in Russia. For one DBK, 8 TPKs are provided. The SPU combat crew consists of 6 people.
- Transport handling machines (TPM) in the amount of 4 pcs. Their task is to ensure a second salvo.
The advantages of the complexes are that theyeffective in various weather conditions. Also, the functionality of the Bal complex is not affected by enemy fire and electronic countermeasures. For the DBK, complexes are provided that put passive interference, which had a positive effect on the invulnerability of the PKK. It will take the combat crew about 10 minutes to deploy the launcher.
"Bas alt" P-500
This Soviet-made missile was created in 1975 to counter powerful naval groups and aircraft carriers. Initially, the P-500 anti-ship missiles were armed with submarines (projects 675 MK and 675 MU). Two years later, heavy aircraft-carrying cruisers (project 1143) began to be equipped with missiles, and in 1980, the Atlant 1164 cruisers. The P-500 is made with a cigar-shaped fuselage, which has a folding delta wing. The rocket was equipped with a KR-17-300 turbojet engine. Its location was the aft in the fuselage. Heat-resistant materials were used to make the case.
A rocket is launched from the TPK, in which there are two accelerators at the stern. In length, it is no more than 11.7 meters. P-500 with a diameter of 88 cm and a wingspan of 2.6 m is designed for a range of 5 thousand meters. Having entered the marching area, the rocket gains a height of 5 thousand meters, and approaching the target, it drops to 50 meters. Thus, it goes beyond the radio horizon, so it cannot be detected by radars. The rocket weighs 4800 kg.
To hit a target, it has a semi-armor-piercing or high-explosive warhead (weight from 500 to 1 thousand kg) and a nuclear 300 kt power. Formerly P-500were used by the Soviet SCRC, and later by Russian anti-ship missile systems. P-500 served as the basis for the creation of a more improved P-1000 anti-ship missile model. This modification is part of the Vulkan anti-ship missile system. We will present its characteristics below.
PKR P-1000
According to experts, this RCC uses the same launch equipment as the P-500. The Vulkan anti-ship missile system began to be developed in 1979. A number of improvements were made in its design, which had a positive effect on the combat range. In the DBK, the engineers decided to use an improved starting engine, increased the amount of fuel in the main stage, reduced the armor protection of the hull, the material for which titanium alloys served. The P-1000 is made with a short-life KR-17V turbojet engine and a new powerful launch booster. It also provides a constructive possibility to deflect the thrust vector. High-explosive fragmentation warhead weighs 500 kg. As a result of the transformations carried out, the flight range of the P-1000 was increased to 1,000 km. The rocket uses a combined flight pattern: it overcomes the march section at high altitude, and when it approaches the target, it drops to 20 meters. Since the fuel supply in the P-1000 has been increased, it can stay longer in the low- altitude section. As a result, anti-ship missiles are less vulnerable to enemy anti-aircraft missile systems.
Elbrus 9K72
Operational-tactical missile systems of Russia "Elbrus" were designed in the period from 1958 to 1961. The destruction of a target (both a ship and manpower of the enemy, an airfield, a command center and other military facilities) is carried out by a single-stage liquid-propellant rocket 8K14 (R-17), which is refueled with fuel TM-185 (special rocket kerosene based on hydrocarbons) and an oxidizer AK- 27I. The latter is made by combining nitric acid with nitrogen tetroxide. The length of the R-17 reaches 11.16 meters. The diameter of the rocket is 88 cm. It weighs up to 5862 kg, and is designed for a flight range of 50-300 thousand meters. The R-17 is produced with a non-detachable high-explosive fragmentation warhead weighing 987 kg, which is equipped with TGAG-5 (phlegmatizer with TNT-RDX aluminum mixture). Today, these operational missile systems in Russia are considered obsolete, but reliable. SCRCs are in service with the Navy, but the production of components for them was stopped back in 1980.
Bastion K-300
Design work on the creation of this complex began in the late 80s of the last century. The military of the Soviet army was not satisfied with the Redut and Rubezh SCRCs available at that time. The reason was that these complexes were released in 1960 and were considered quite outdated. "Bastion" was completed in 1985. Two years later, the first testing of the DBK took place. Then the surface ship became the place of his base. In 1992, a rocket from this complex was first launched from a submarine. The final testing of these anti-ship missiles in Russia was completed in 2002.
The work was delayed not through the fault of the engineers, but because of the difficult economic situation in the country. In service with the Russian Navythey have been since 2010. The production of anti-ship missiles in Russia for the K-300 is carried out by the Orenburg NPO Strela. The coastal SCRC is equipped with an 8.2-meter Onyx missile weighing 3 tons. This anti-ship missile is equipped with an air-jet ramjet engine, for which a solid-propellant initial booster is provided. Thanks to him, Onyx can fly 750 m in a second. The power unit is refueled with kerosene.
Onyx can get to the area where its target is located using the inertial navigation system. Preliminary target acquisition is carried out by a switching homing head. Now anti-ship missiles can fly at extremely low altitudes (from 10 to 15 meters). This explains why these Russian anti-ship missiles at the final stage of flight are invulnerable to enemy air defense systems. The operational resource of anti-ship missiles does not exceed 10 years. The target is destroyed by a penetrating warhead weighing 300 kg. "Bastion" K-300 comes with:
- Self-propelled launchers.
- Missiles in TPK.
- KAMAZ-43101. Combat control is performed by 4 people.
- Equipment that provides information and technical communication between the SCRC and the command post.
- Maintenance facilities.
DBK "Frontier"
The coastal missile system was designed in 1970. In service with the army (and later the Navy) since 1978. The target is destroyed with the help of the Termit P-15M anti-ship missiles. There are also two versions of the missile with an active seeker (P-21 and P-22), which has a passive pulse radar homing head. RCC withautonomous targeting. The DBK uses the Harpoon TsU radar system, a self-propelled launcher on the MAZ-543M or 543V chassis. The target detection range is 120 km. On average, STC covers 50 km per hour.
Utes DBK
In the fall of 2014, Russian engineers restored the Utes silo-based coastal missile system in Crimea. The place of its basing was the protected object No. 100 in the village of Reserve. It was created back in 1957. According to experts, anti-ship missiles fired from the complex are capable of destroying any target in the Black Sea. This explains why the Soviet military command often visited the facility with regular checks.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the "weaving" was subordinate to several units of the Ukrainian naval forces, but no one really de alt with the object. As a result, he completely lost. Restoring it after the events of the Crimean spring, Russian engineers made a real technical feat. Shooting from the complex is carried out by the P-35 missile with a flexible programmable flight path.
Surface ships, submarines and coastal missile systems are armed with PRK data. RCC is capable of hitting a sea target at a distance of up to 450 km. DBK "Utes" can work as one system with coastal complexes "Bastion" and "Bal".
Coast A-222
Work on the creation of a self-propelled artillery mount Soviet weapons designersOKB-2 started in 1976. In the technical documentation, which was transferred to the Barrikady plant, the complex is written as follows: 130-millimeter DBK "Bereg" A-222. By 1988, a prototype was prepared. After the tests, the engineers came to the conclusion that the DBK is subject to improvement. It was finally completed in 1992. Then the state tests took place. The RCC fired from the DBK managed to destroy a large-sized target with an accurate hit.
The general public saw the coastal missile system only in 1993. Then an exhibition of weapons was held in Abu Dhabi, to which the Bereg DBK was delivered. After these events, the complex was repeatedly tested. The Navy of the Russian Federation has had it since 1996. Since August 2003, the Bereg DBK has been registered with the Novorossiysk naval base BRAP 40. The objects for destruction by this self-propelled artillery system are small and medium surface ships. According to military experts, the missile can overtake high-speed vessels with speeds up to 100 knots (over 180 km/h).
The place of action of the DBK was the tidal zones, island and skerry areas. In addition, a missile can quite successfully hit a ground target. RCC capabilities allow it to detect targets within a radius of up to 30 thousand meters. It poses a direct threat to enemy targets at a distance of up to 23 thousand meters. The composition of the coastal missile system can be presented:
- 130 mm self-propelled artillery mounts in the amount of 4 or 6 units.
- Mobile central post withmanagement system MP-195.
- One or two duty cars.
- Two 30kW units as power sources.
- One 7.62mm machine gun turret.
- Mini combat crew canteen.
All vehicles have an 8x8 wheel arrangement. Russian designers used the chassis of an off-road vehicle (MAZ-543M). The combat crew consists of 8 people. The power reserve indicator is 650 km. Deployment takes about 5 minutes.
The advantages of this coastal artillery system are its large caliber and high rate of fire: 72 shells can be fired at the enemy within one minute. Due to its technical maneuverability, high efficiency of automatic firing and full autonomy, the Bereg is considered an effective means for performing defensive tasks. According to experts, the production of weapons systems with similar performance characteristics has not yet been established around the world. The Russian Navy is armed with 36 such installations.
DBK "Redoubt"
In 1960, the leadership of the USSR issued Decree No. 903-378, according to which engineers were to design a new operational-tactical coastal missile system for the P-35. The work was carried out in the experimental design bureau No. 52 under the supervision of Chelomey V. M. The intended targets for the DBK were to be surface ships of any type. In the USSR, this RCC was listed under the index P-35B. In the NATO classification - Sepal, inUnited States Department of Defense - SSC-1B. This missile has the following performance characteristics:
- Designed for a range of up to 460 km.
- On the march section rises to a height of 7 thousand meters. Approaching the target, the anti-ship missile drops to 100 meters.
- It takes half an hour for the combat crew to deploy the launcher.
- RCP weighs 4500 kg.
- Equipped with a high-explosive or nuclear warhead weighing 1,000 kg.
- The warhead has a power of 350 kt.
- Launcher with a range of 500 km.
- There are 5 people in combat crew.
Due to its powerful warhead and high speed, the rocket of this complex on the march is able to break through the enemy's anti-missile defenses. Due to the high range of anti-ship missiles, they are used in cases where it is necessary to provide cover for the coast with a long length. In addition, a powerful high-explosive or nuclear warhead of one P-35 can destroy any enemy ship. The disadvantage of PRK is that it is quite large and heavy. Today, the rocket is outdated, but still remains a formidable weapon.
The latest anti-aircraft missile systems in Russia
To repel incoming missiles, destroy aircraft and helicopters, cover ground forces and important facilities, anti-aircraft missile systems are used, which, from an engineering point of view, are considered quite complex military vehicles. The following air defense systems are used in Russia:
- Antey-2500. It is considered the only mobile air defense system in the world capable of carrying outinterception of ballistic missiles with a range of up to 2500 km. The system fires 9M83 missiles in the amount of 4 pcs. Egypt and Venezuela buy air defense systems from Russia.
- ZRS S-300V. It is a military self-propelled anti-aircraft missile system. It uses two types of air defense systems: 9M82 (to intercept Pershing ballistic missiles, aviation SRAM, aircraft) and 9M83 (to destroy aircraft and Scud R-17 and Lance ballistic missiles).
- Tor anti-aircraft missile autonomous system. It is used to cover infantry, equipment, buildings and industrial facilities. The system is capable of protecting against enemy guided bombs, unmanned aerial vehicles and high-precision weapons of the enemy. The ADMS works offline. If the system of the "friend or foe" complex does not recognize an air target, then the air defense system will shoot it down on its own.
- Triumph S-400. The task of this air defense system is to prevent an aerospace attack. The system is capable of intercepting targets at a distance of more than 200 km and an altitude of no more than 30 thousand meters. It has been in service with the Russian army since 2007.
- "Pantsir-S1". It is completed with automatic guns and guided missiles, for which radio command guidance with radar and infrared target tracking is provided. The system uses two anti-aircraft guns and 12 surface-to-air missiles. In service since 2012.
- "Pine". It is a mobile anti-aircraft missile system and the latest Russian novelty. In service since 2018. Aiming at the target is carried out using a laser. The rocket will follow the beam. Objects for destruction can bearmored vehicles, fortifications, ships, unmanned aerial vehicles.
Anti-aircraft missile systems are being intensively improved. Wanting to make the air defense system much better, they are equipped with laser and radio equipment, special means for aerial reconnaissance, guidance and tracking.
