People have always thought about who their distant ancestors were, who lived several millennia ago. Great civilizations that have gone forever have left behind many mysteries that excite scientists. Evidence of bygone days, found by archaeologists, lifts the veil over many mysteries related to the history of mankind. Let's try to analyze the most interesting finds of particular value for science.
Archaeological discoveries of the century: a unique find at the bottom of Issyk-Kul
One of the loudest sensations in the world of archeology was the discovery of an unknown civilization at the bottom of Lake Issyk-Kul, whose age, according to the most modest assumptions, is about 2.5 thousand years. Ancient settlements of primitive people, burial grounds, petroglyphs, settlements and treasures have already been found near the Kyrgyz reservoir. However, the researchers of the territory suggested that the most interesting may be hidden in the water, and theirtheory confirmed.
Archaeological discoveries made at the bottom of the lake amazed the scientific world: it turned out that not nomadic tribes lived near the shores of Issyk-Kul, but a developed civilization existed. As scientists explain, ethnic groups changed on the territory every two centuries, and the reservoir was considered the cradle of ancient civilizations.
Underwater research
Scuba divers found a wall more than a kilometer long in the water, and it is believed that five huge cities were under water, covered with sand and silt. Researchers have mapped a map of the flooded settlement, but it is still difficult to accurately delineate the territory. Archaeological discoveries made it possible to draw a conclusion about the high level of cultural and technological development of the existing civilization.
Barrows similar to those in which the Scythians were buried were found at the bottom, as well as an ore production workshop, self-sharpening daggers, and a golden hexagonal object resembling the shape of the first ancient Russian rubles.
A highly developed civilization
Sensational archaeological discoveries add a new plot to the history of mankind, and some artifacts have seriously puzzled scientists. At the bottom, a bronze cauldron with soldered handles was found, the manufacturing technique of which is unknown. Considering that high-tech methods of metal processing appeared relatively recently, it is not clear how it was possible to achieve such a quality of connection of all parts of more than two thousandyears ago.
It should be noted that the history of archaeological discoveries in the area of the Kyrgyz lake is covered quite informatively. Scientists continue to study the underwater ritual complex, outbuildings and residential buildings. But even now it can be concluded that once in the Issyk-Kul region there was a developed civilization that combined sedentary and nomadic forms of farming. And ceased to exist, most likely, after the rise of the water level, leaving scientists with many mysteries.
Rosetta Stone
When it comes to the great archaeological discoveries, one cannot but mention the artifact found in Egypt at the end of the 18th century. The Rosetta Stone, named after the city near which it was found, is made of rock. It is a slab with texts engraved on it. Two of them are written in ancient Egyptian, and one is in ancient Greek. The latest text, quickly deciphered by linguists, was an edict dating back to 196 BC, celebrating all the merits of King Ptolemy.
But before the appearance of the plate, scientists had not previously encountered the Egyptian language, and several specialists were engaged in its decoding at once. It turned out that two inscriptions on the stone, inscribed in hieroglyphs and cursive, contained the same text as the first part.
The unraveling of the ancient Egyptian language on the Rosetta Stone, weighing over a ton, was a powerful breakthrough in deciphering messages made in ancient times. Archaeological discoveries XIXcenturies gave the key to the study of ancient writing, and the French scientist Champol even compiled a dictionary of the ancient Egyptian language, the secret of which was lost several centuries ago.
What knowledge do the Egyptian pyramids bring to people?
Egyptian pyramids are the greatest architectural monuments of the most mysterious civilization of antiquity. Scientists studying unique artifacts are sure that secret knowledge is hidden in the structures that will help reveal the main secrets of mankind. According to the official version, the mysterious pyramids, which raise many questions, were built by people. However, many scientists protested against this theory, arguing that illiterate residents would not be able to build majestic structures based on the principle of the golden ratio. How did such large-scale objects appear in an ancient civilization that could not have been distinguished by a high level of development more than four thousand years ago?
Researchers have come to the unusual conclusion that the Egyptians never built great pyramids, but simply took advantage of the achievements of unknown ancestors with unique talents. And the established idea of giant structures that were supposed to perpetuate the memory of the rulers - the pharaohs, was recognized as erroneous.
Large-scale structures created by an unknown pre-civilization
Archaeological discoveries of Ancient Egypt have become irrefutable evidence that the pyramids appeared much earlier than a powerful civilization. On one of the steles, archaeologistsfound a strange inscription containing the order of Cheops to restore the Sphinx statue, which was damaged by heavy rains.
When scientists learned that no precipitation had fallen in Egypt for eight thousand years, the local government ordered the stela to be transferred to the museum's storerooms, and the statue of a winged figure with a lion's body was quickly restored.
Experts have deciphered the hieroglyphs written by the historian Manetho, who was instructed to compile the history of the great state. In it, he described in detail that more than 10 thousand years ago, in the place where Ancient Egypt was located, great gods lived. And modern researchers remembered the mythical Atlantis - the most progressive civilization of mankind.
After studying the pyramid of Cheops, it turned out that it is precisely oriented to the four cardinal points, and yet such perfect accuracy cannot be achieved even in the modern world without special tools.
What is the purpose of the pyramids?
Mysterious architectural monuments are not only the tombs of the pharaohs. Egyptologists, who found out the purpose of the pyramids, recognized them as an ancient calendar, according to which they calculated the length of the year. They were a perfect astronomical compass and an accurate geodetic instrument - a theodolite, which served for topographic research. The creations, created by some higher intelligence, were the repository of the ancient system of weights and measures, as well as the model of the hemisphere associated with the coordinates of longitude and latitude.
Important archaeological discoveriesEgypt was alarmed by the scientific world, which finds it difficult to recognize the existence of a highly developed pra-civilization that possessed the most advanced technologies and the highest capabilities. Thus, archaeologists came to the general opinion that the inhabitants of the ancient state did not create pyramids, but only restored them.
Discoveries of Russian scientists
It is believed that the oldest civilization originated in Mesopotamia - a region coinciding with the territory of modern Iraq. Herodotus wrote about the country, and later the Bible with stories about the Garden of Eden and the Tower of Babel contributed to the emergence of interest in the lands of the Middle East.
Russian scientists who made exciting archaeological discoveries in Mesopotamia received the State Prize of Russia in the field of science and technology. It must be said that the study of important monuments of Mesopotamia began in the 19th century, when French and English archaeologists discovered the whole world the luxurious palaces of the late Assyrian kingdom with unique bas-reliefs depicting scenes of hunting, battles, and cult actions.
Later, experts uncovered an earlier layer of history, which is associated with the Sumerian civilization, which appeared with all the signs of a highly developed culture.
Excavations of the temple complex
Russian specialists worked in the ancient cult center - Tell Khazna. Children's burials in an earthen vessel, a huge necropolis that appeared in the 4th century BC, granaries and religious buildings were found. The ancient monument has a specific character, sohow there are no residential buildings here.
The latest archaeological discoveries testify that this is a temple complex. For example, scientists have discovered buildings filled with ash, at the bottom of which rested the remains of children's graves. And in the sanctuary of a religious building, a clay table for sacrifices was found.
After the publication of all the findings, ideas about the role of the Syrian region have changed dramatically. If earlier it was spoken of as a province of the ancient Eastern world, now it has become clear that this is an area of high cultural achievements, and our archaeologists have contributed to the knowledge of the origins of ancient civilizations.
Scientists involved in the study of historical monuments have suggested that before us there were civilizations on the planet that reached a high level of technological development. What is the reason for their disappearance, archaeologists find it difficult to answer, and who knows how many more centuries will pass until humanity receives an answer to an exciting question.
