Light aircraft Yak-12: specifications, photos, history of creation

2024 Author: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-12 02:43

In the 1940s, the Soviet leadership approved a plan for the development and restoration of the national economy. According to him, significant changes have affected the agricultural sector. In order to improve pest control and sanitation of the population, overhead lines began to be intensively developed. This was the reason for the appearance of one of the lightest aircraft at that time. We are talking about such an aircraft as the Yak-12.

History of Creation

The Yak-12 aircraft is a multi-purpose transport vehicle designed at the design bureau under the direction of A. S. Yakovlev. After successful tests in 1946, the aviation creation began to be mass-produced. But during one of the tests, the pilot could not land the plane on the site assigned personally by I. V. Stalin, and the serial production of this aircraft model was discontinued. Despite the fact that the design of the Yak-12 aircraft among other aircraft of that time was one of the best and the error was on the part of the pilot, mass production resumedonly after the death of the leader.

Aircraft design

Initially, the aircraft was designed for the air force as a two-seat machine capable of performing sanitary and communication tasks. The Yak-12 was a mixed design: welded chromansile tubes were used to produce the base of the fuselage. Duralumin was used to make frames of two-spar wings, tails and ailerons. The wings and tail section themselves were sheathed with canvas. Duralumin was used for lining the bow. Wood became the basis for the production of aircraft formwork slats. The air ambulance was equipped with a fixed duralumin fender liner. To reduce resistance in the chassis, belonging to the pyramidal type, a special tape was mounted - guy line.

The cockpit was of an automobile type and could accommodate up to four people. If necessary, a stretcher was installed on its right side to transport the wounded. The very first Yak-12 aircraft were equipped with an M-11FR engine of 160 hp. with. and with cooling. Over time, wood was replaced with duralumin in the design of the aircraft.

Purpose

The Yak-12 was widely used in agriculture. With the help of this machine, plants were fertilized with fertilizers, sowing, pollinating fields and plantations. She could also serve as an ambulance. The Yak-12 aircraft was used as a mail carrier and towing vehicle. As a passenger transporter, this aircraft was ideal for minor lines. The car was designed for twopassenger and is able to withstand a load not exceeding 350 kilograms. Flight schools also used the Yak-12 for skydiving.

The device and design of this multi-purpose aircraft were characterized by simplicity and unpretentiousness in use, the presence of radio stations and instruments that allow flights both at night and under adverse meteorological conditions. In addition to the Soviet Union, the aircraft was used in China and Poland, where it was produced as the PZL-101 Gawron.

Description

The 1947 Yak-12 is a strutted high-wing aircraft powered by the M-11FR engine. The design of the aircraft can have a two- or three-seat cabin. Initially, the Yak-12 was designed as a double. The wing struts are V-shaped and converge at the landing gear junction. Due to the presence of a fixed duralumin slat, a significant angle of attack is not dangerous. The improved pyramidal landing gear (tested on the Yak-10) contains a special brace that runs from each wheel to the rubber shock absorber.

The braking function is carried out by the main wheels with a size of 6 x 18 cm and tail 20 x 11 cm. Skis can be attached to them. The control contains cable wiring. The slats located on the wing significantly improve landing properties and have a positive effect on safety during flight.

Yak-12 aircraft: specifications

Length - 8.36 m.
Height - 3.76 m.
Wingspan - 12 m.
Wing area - 21.60 m².
The weight of the aircraft is 830 kg.
The allowable weight (the one that can be lifted) was 1450 kg.
Engines - 1PD M-11FR.
Maximum speed is 194 km/h.
Cruising speed - 169 km/h.
Landing speed - 90 km/h.
Thrust – 1x160 kN.
The plane is designed for a 4 hour flight.
Flying range - 760 km.

Modifications of the Yak-12

The aircraft model is characterized by ease of operation, so it can be used in aviation schools as a simulator. In addition to training, it is capable of performing other tasks, depending on the modification:

Yak-12B is considered the only instance with a UVP up to 35 meters takeoff distance. The design is equipped with the AI-14RF engine, the power of which is 300 hp. s.
Yak-12С – aviation ambulance for transporting one wounded.
Yak-12SH is a variant of the aircraft for agricultural purposes. It performs pollination of green spaces and spraying pesticides. The design is equipped with a special tank located under the fuselage.
Yak-12R is an aircraft for the Air Force. The function is communication. The design is equipped with a powerful AI-14R engine (260 hp). The tail section is equipped with a coulter - a special brake hook, which, lowering during the landing of the aircraft on the primer, reduces its run.

Improvement work

The very first option is considered to beaircraft design Yak-12. The aircraft model in modification A has undergone changes over time:

The wings acquired a trapezoidal shape and began to be equipped with slats containing one strut each.
Fuel tank: increase in size.
Chassis: reinforcement.
The steering wheel has become horn-shaped.
The cockpit. By glazing the frontal and side parts, visibility has improved. Significant improvement in cab comfort was achieved through the use of soft seat upholstery. The permissible weight that the Yak-12A could lift was 1588 kg. Due to changes in the wing of the aircraft, the aerodynamics have significantly improved, the speed has increased by 30 km / h and the flight range.

how to start the engine of the plane yak 12 ut

Further improvements

They touched the rear fuselage and the length of the machine.

Yak-12M increased to 9 meters.
The fork was added to the design and the coulter removed.
The landing gear, fuselage and front wing brace have been reinforced.
Hydraulic cushioning replaced rubber.
The cabin in the modified Yak-12 is designed for three passengers.

What were the changes for?

Due to changes, this aircraft was adapted:

For agricultural work. Within two hours, the necessary equipment can be installed in the machine structure.
To perform sanitary tasks. There was enough space to accommodate, except for twopilots, another doctor and a wounded man.
For skydiving training. A footboard specially installed on the right side of the side made this task easier.

Aircraft for the Soviet Air Force

Yak-12R was operated by the Soviet air force as a communications and vehicle. For this purpose, the model was equipped with a powerful AI-14R engine (260 hp), as well as a VISH-539L-11 propeller. The wooden sheathing was replaced with duralumin. In order to reduce the length of the run on unpaved terrain to 50 meters, the Yak-12R removed the brake opener, which was previously located in front of the wheel, in the tail section. The cabin was designed for three passengers. The weight of the aircraft reached 912 kg.

Training option

In early 1959, Soviet designers began to develop a simulator of the Yak-12 UT aircraft. Its purpose was to train military pilots to carry out instrument landings. For this, the cabin was equipped with:

The second kit, which allows both to start the engine of the Yak-12 UT aircraft, and to perform manual and foot control.
Radio compass ARK-5.
A simplified set of OSP-48 equipment, with which a blind landing was made.
Marker receiver MRP-48.
Radio altimeter RV-2.
Generator GSK-1500. With its help, the equipment was powered.

Tests

In 1950, the Yak-12 UT was tested at the NIIVVS and recommended for air force flight schools as an effective simulator for training flight personnel. Atthis was marked disadvantages:

1700 rpm of the blades indicated the weak power of the GSK-1500 wind generator.
The antenna used was not strong enough - the receiver only worked at altitudes below 1850 meters.
The range of the compass was 160 km. This was not enough, as the commission put forward demands of at least 180 meters.

After testing in June, another test was scheduled in October of the same year. After improvements, the Yak-12 UT was equipped with:

VD-5 wind turbine, which was characterized by a change in the pitch of the blades during the flight;
The installed T-shaped antenna worked effectively at any height.

In 1952, this aircraft successfully passed new tests. But nevertheless, nowhere in the documents does it appear as the Yak-12 UT.

Sanitary sample aircraft

Yak-12Since 1948, it is considered a sanitary variant of the aircraft from this series. The design of this aircraft was adapted to transport one patient. A stretcher was located on the left side of the side. No other changes were made to the Yak-12. The empty plane weighed 852 kg and is capable of withstanding a load of up to 380 kg. It included the weight of special equipment, which was 22 kg. The Yak-12S transported a medical load of up to 175 kg and was better than the U-2S in terms of its parameters.

Make a plane with your own hands

Having the necessary material, you can make a homemade Yak-12 aircraft from the ceiling (ceiling tilesfrom extruded polystyrene foam). With the right tools and spare parts, this task is easy to handle.

Materials, inventory and spare parts

The following materials are required for work:

0.5 cm thick ceiling;
special adhesive for ceiling tiles;
syringe 10 ml;
colorful tape;
wire with a diameter of 0.1cm;
sheets of A4 paper.

Required tools:

flat board that is comfortable to work on;
stationery knife;
meter ruler;
emery.

Parts:

electric motor at least 1100 rpm;
one 12 volt battery;
one propeller.

Start. Working with drawings

Before you start, you need to have an idea of how the Yak-12 radio-controlled aircraft should look like. To do this, it is recommended to acquire the necessary drawings. For convenience, the drawings printed on the printer should be given serial numbers. After that, they are laid out in accordance with the numbers on a flat surface.

Production of parts for the product

Based on the existing drawings, you can start cutting out the necessary parts. It is good if the part has a large number of straight lines. In this case, it is considered simple.

To work with such a drawing, you will need a needle. Using it, all available corners are marked with punctures. Then along the ruler, attached from one puncture to another, withusing a clerical knife, paper cuts are made. They are performed sequentially until the part of the future aircraft, completely ready for gluing, is formed from the drawing. When gluing them, it is important to ensure that the dimensions and geometry of the future model are not violated.

Each sheet may have extra sections that need to be cut off. As a result, all fragments of the structure should fit perfectly with each other. Only after that, using a syringe, can they be glued.

Assembly

When assembling the product, it is important to ensure that the laminated side is on the outside.
An important aspect is the observance of the dimensions of the cut parts with the dimensions that the battery has - it can be larger than planned in the drawing. It is recommended to pre-measure with a ruler.
For strong bonding, it is advisable to use clothespins, weights or a vise.
To form the required bend, you can use rolling on the pipe.
After that, all parts of the Yak-12 in contact with each other are glued together. A radio-controlled model aircraft that often involves crashes in flight needs to be strengthened.
Reinforcement with adhesive tape will help to give strength to the manufactured product.
It is recommended to use stiff wire for attaching servos.
The motor mount on which the motor is mounted must be made of thin plywood. It is very convenient to fasten the mounting screws to it.
In the absence of a piece of plywood, you can alsouse plastic, aluminum or foam. The main thing is that the material is light. It is desirable that the weight of the manufactured model does not exceed 600 grams.
It is recommended to launch the product with one throw from the hand.
Landing to begin with should be done with the belly of the aircraft on a soft surface. To do this, it is not necessary to mount the wheels on the structure.

The cost of a Ford Focus or Pegout 3008 is equal to the price of such an aviation creation as the Yak-12. The photo below shows the features of its external design. But it should be recalled that different modifications were produced.