The famous Moscow Maiden's Field stretched into a long strip, conditionally starting from the Garden Ring and ending at the Novodevichy Convent. The borders can be considered in the east Malaya Pirogovskaya, in the west - Pogodinskaya streets. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya is located along the axis of Maiden's Field. Until 1924, these streets were called Bolshaya and Malaya Tsaritsynskaya, respectively. The courtyard of Empress Evdokia Lopukhina, the wife of Tsar Peter I, was located in this place.
Name Maiden's field. Where does it come from?
Many believe that the area owes its name to the nearby Novodevichy Convent, favored by Princess Sophia herself in the 17th century. Other hypotheses are put forward, from which it follows that the Maiden's Field was formed earlier. Moscow at an earlier date chose these places for festivities. Then it turns out the opposite - the monastery got its name from the neighboring area.
One of the versions of the origin of the nameThe Maiden's Field says that during the time of the Tatar-Mongols, the inhabitants of local settlements brought the most beautiful girls here and sent them to the Golden Horde as a tribute. The second version is more pleasant. The name of the field comes from the fact that in ancient times there were flood meadows, during the day townspeople grazed cows here, and in the evenings they organized festivities, led round dances, sang, and arranged various games.
Place of mass celebrations
In the history of Moscow, Maiden's Field is well known for its wide festivities and festivities. At first, holidays were arranged exclusively for church holidays, the main one was the day of veneration of the icon of the Smolensk Mother of God. In her honor, the Novodevichy Convent was actually erected. Subsequently, the Podnovinsky festivities, so beloved by the locals, moved to the Maiden's Field. Often famous foreign guest performers who traveled all over Russia performed here. Magicians Zhenya Latour and Pinetti were especially popular with the public. The Russian treasury even allocated funds for the construction of a wooden theater here. In it, free performances were arranged for the common people who were walking. Unfortunately, over time, the theater was abolished. In 1771, it ceased to operate due to the plague, and later the authorities did not allocate money for its maintenance.
Coronation of Nicholas I
However, the festivities on the field did not stop. I would like to pay special attention to a curious event that took place here in 1826. celebrationdedicated to the coronation of Tsar Nicholas I. A rotunda was built for the emperor's family and high-ranking guests on the Maiden's Field, galleries were stylishly decorated around it. The common people were also invited to the celebrations. For them, in an open area, ordinary tables were laid with a variety of food: all kinds of pastries, beer, honey, fruits, smoked hams, fried meat and much more. Fountains with wine (2 large and 16 small) were placed nearby, white and red wine spouted directly from the nozzles. The girl's field was ready to receive guests. The holiday received wide publicity, and a huge crowd of suffering gratuitous treats arrived at the place. When the signal for the beginning of the meal sounded, the people rushed by storm to the fountains and tables. The crowd swept away everything in its path, and despite the fact that the order was given, act on signals. A quarter of an hour later it was impossible to recognize the richly decorated square. The crowd turned everything here into ruins: tables, chairs were broken, food was swept away in a matter of seconds, galleries were destroyed. Such a holiday turned out.
After this solemn event, all the fun festivities in this area were covered. Conducted here only military reviews and soldiers' exercises. Only in 1864, the Podnovinsky festivities were resumed on the Maiden's Field, and later they began to hold wide celebrations of Maslenitsa and Easter.
Novodevichy Convent
Being on the Maiden's Field, everyone notices the neighborhood of the Novodevichy Convent. Prechistenka leads to it, by the way, its name came precisely because the road led to the Novodevichy Convent, where the shrine was located -icon of the Most Pure Mother of God. A multi-tiered bell tower rises above the walls of the monastery. Among the many monastic buildings visible from Devichye Pole is the Smolensky Cathedral, which was built to commemorate the liberation of the Smolensk fortress in 1525.
Already in the first days of its existence, the Novodevichy Convent was known as the richest feudal economy. In the 17th century, the monastery owned many Russian lands; it was considered a large landowner. Here were the nuns Princess Sophia, I. F. Godunova, E. F. Lopukhina. This explains the special interest in the monastery on the part of the authorities and good material support.
In the 15th century, from the western side of the Maiden's Field up to the Moskva River, the courtyard of the Rostov bishop extended, surrounded by small settlements of his workers, in that place now there are Rostov lanes. This area in those days was called here Dorogomilova Sloboda.
History of the Clinical City
The Maiden's Field changed its format at the end of the 19th century. This was closely connected with the medical faculty of Moscow State University. The number of students increased, there were not enough seats in the classrooms of educational institutions on Rozhdestvenka and Mokhovaya. In 1884, the Moscow government decided to transfer to the university free of charge the land on the girl's field for the construction of medical institutes and clinics by the university. The total allocated area was 18 hectares. Even earlier, in 1882, the merchant Morozova donated 6 hectares of nearby land to the university. The gift came in handy. At the expense of Morozova andPaskhalova erected the first buildings of the psychiatric and obstetric departments.
This is how the construction of the Clinical City began. The initiator of its construction was then the famous surgeon - N. V. Sklifosovsky, in 1880-1891 - a professor at the university. The Clinical City complex was designed by Konstantin Bykovsky.
The official bookmark fell on 1887, after Bykovsky's estimates and project were approved by Alexander III.
Completion of construction
The girl's field, the photo of which confirms the scale of the territory, began to be filled with medical facilities. The clinical town grew. The construction was financed by the state, but entrepreneurial charitable contributions also played a huge role in the construction of clinics and institutions.
In 1897, construction was completed. As a result, 12 clinics, 1 outpatient clinic and 8 institutes were built for Moscow State University. Since then, Maiden's Field has closely connected its history with the development of medicine in Russia, and later in the Soviet Union.
As for mass festivities, they continued here for several years after the opening of the Clinical City. But in 1911 they were moved to Presnya. The noise produced had a negative impact on the he alth of patients, and at the request of the clinic staff, the Government decided to relocate. In 1930, the medical faculty was transformed into the First Medical Institute, which later received the title of Sechenov.
Until now, Maiden's Field is considered the main place where the leading medical clinics are concentrated not only in Moscow, but throughout Russia.
Clinics
Which clinics were built on Maiden's Field?
Construction ended in 1890:
- of the therapeutic clinic of Dr. Zakharyin;
- Surgical Sklifosovsky;
- nervous disease clinics;
- Filatov Children's Clinic;
- Klein Institute of General Pathological Anatomy;
- Institute of General Pathology, Pharmacology, Hygiene.
In 1892 hospital clinics:
- Ostroumov's therapy;
- surgery;
- propaedeutics of internal medicine;
- eye diseases.
In 1895 they opened a general clinical laboratory of the ear, throat, nose.
Now the facades of faculty surgical and therapeutic clinics look at Bolshaya Pirogovskaya. The famous Ostroumov headed the Department of Therapy. A. P. Chekhov was in his clinic with pulmonary hemorrhage.
The most beautiful building of the Clinical City is a general clinical outpatient clinic, which was built by the architect Zalessky and opened in 1896. Now the building houses the administration of the MMA. In front of the building there is a monument to Sechenov, the founder of the school of physiology, designed in 1958 by Kerbel.
To the southwest are two neoclassical buildings - a pathoanatomical institute and a clinic for skin diseases. Nearby, in 1960, a monument to Abrikosov by sculptor Postov was erected.
Mikhail Bulgakov
The history is so closely connected with medicine here that it turned out so - even the writer Mikhail Bulgakov, who lived here since 1927,by profession he was a doctor. His house on Devichye Pole was always open to guests. Frequent visitors were Ilf and Petrov, Olesha, artists of the Moscow Art Theater Yashin, Khmelev. In the 1930s, Bulgakov just began his work at the Art Theater. Mikhail Bulgakov lived here with his wife Lyubov Beloselskaya-Belozerskaya. The famous novel The Master and Margarita, whose original title was The Consultant with a Hoof, was also born right there. The master also worked on the play "The Cabal of the Saints" and the story "Molière".
Square
Arrows of Bolshaya Pirogovskaya and Elanskogo streets will lead to the Maiden's Field square. This single piece of land, once a desert field, has not been developed. It was in this place that the very festive festivities that opened here since 1864 took place territorially. As we have already said, after the construction of the Clinical City, noisy fun was transferred to Presnya in 1911 at the request of the medical faculty. They decided to turn the local squares, squares, boulevards into a large park, which was equipped in 1912-1913.
Green, cozy square now extends in a triangle, which is formed by Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, Elanskaya street, which goes into Plyushchikha, as well as through Maiden's field. Colorful greenery, well-groomed paths, a fountain, benches - a world of tranquility, sometimes you can’t even believe that the Garden Ring is making noise very close by. At the corner of the square there is a monument to Filatov, a pediatrician who ran the nearest pediatric clinic.
Temple of Michael
Not far fromclinics of obstetrics and gynecology, there is a temple of Michael at the clinics on the Maiden's Field. It was erected according to the project of Nikiforov, Meisner on the main site of the Clinical City. This pearl, which adorns the hospital complex, gives it completeness and integrity.
In 1894, Alexander III approved the project of architects, and the laying of the temple was immediately carried out. The territory occupied a dominant position in the Clinical City. There was also a symbolic meaning here, babies were born in the obstetric ward. They were often baptized in the same church. Both physical and spiritual life were born here at the same time.
Construction went quickly, and already in 1897 the church of Michael on the Devichye Pole was consecrated. Its consecration marked the completion of the construction of the Clinical City, it was the crowning achievement of all those who built the medical complex. Michael's Temple filled the life of the town with a special inspiration and meaning. The parishioners here were doctors, students, patients, and residents of local nearby houses.
Hard times. Recovery
In 1922, during difficult atheistic times for Russia, the Bolsheviks plundered the temple on Devichye Pole. The property was confiscated and declared "the property of the people." In 1931, the temple was closed, the domes were destroyed, all this despite the massive protests of local residents. At first, a cultural and educational reading room was organized in the building of the temple, then a sports hall was equipped here, then a pharmacy, office space, and a warehouse. In 1977, the temple was almost completely destroyed in order to freeplace for the construction of the food block. Only the incredible efforts of the public helped stop the vandals. For many years, the dilapidated temple was empty. Only in the early 1990s was the building finally handed over to believers. The remains of the temple were restored and restored for a long time. In 2002, the Church of Michael reopened its doors to believers, prayer resounded in it, and its former beauty and glory returned.
Maiden field. Kolomna
When talking about Moscow's Maiden's Field, one cannot fail to mention the street of the same name in Kolomna. It also has its own interesting history, although not many of our contemporaries are familiar with it. Today, Maiden's Field (Kolomna) is an ordinary city street in the Kolychev district, where panel houses are lined up in a row. Their inhabitants are hardly delighted with the fact that they live in the very place, which they called the symbol of the unification of Russia. Here Dmitry Donskoy gathered squads of princes who were at enmity with each other. It was in this place that he united them into one mighty Russian army, which became invincible in the great battle of Kulikovo. Rostov, Pskov, Suzdal went into battle, and the Russians returned. This is how popular unity happened.
This land is really special, later reviews of military forces were repeatedly held here.
Now the Kolychevo district is a residential area with all standard indicators. The index of the Maiden's Field in Kolomna is 140404, the length of the street is 1.3 km, the tram number 7 runs, the urban area of Kolychevo. On the street there are both residential buildings and trade, catering and medical enterprises.
