Financial security is an important component of the state's economic security. This concept characterizes the effectiveness of the functioning of the country at the macro level. The government is obliged to protect the national interests of the state, as well as financial security. This is necessary to strengthen the country's position in the international arena. The essence, criteria and main indicators of the financial security of the state will be discussed further.
Definition
The financial and economic security of the state is a concept that implies a set of measures, means and ways to protect the interests of the state at the global level in a market economy. This is a broad concept, which is considered from different points of view. Therefore, there is no single definition of the concept of financial security.exist. There are only limited definitions of certain aspects of this phenomenon.
There are several approaches to the interpretation of the financial security of the state. From the point of view of the resource-financial theory, this concept is considered as the economic protection of the interests of the country at all levels of market relations. This is the security of enterprises, corporations, organizations of various types, as well as households, which leads to the creation of harmonious conditions for the development of regions, all sectors of the economy. They are provided with enough resources to meet their needs.
Statistics considers this concept as the state of all systems, which is balanced and resistant to various negative influences (internal or external). This does not allow expansion from outside, providing the necessary conditions for the functioning of the national economy and its development.
From a legal and regulatory point of view, this concept is seen as a process of creating conditions for the functioning of the entire system, under which financial resources cannot be directed to unplanned areas of consumption. This reduces the likelihood of misallocation of cash flows.
In a general sense, the security of the financial sector should be understood as the protection of interests in this area at all levels of national market relations. This ensures a certain degree of independence of the country, its stability and stable development. Operating in an ever-changingconditions, as well as under the influence of adverse factors (internal and external), the financial system of the state quickly adapts to various changes. This significantly reduces risks, contributes to the stable, harmonious development of the economy.
Object, subject, goals and objectives
Ensuring the financial security of the state is one of the primary goals of the ruling bodies at all levels. This is the main criterion by which the efficiency and rationality of the actions of the Government of the Russian Federation are evaluated. To explore the main aspects of financial security, it is necessary to consider its conceptual apparatus. It includes an object, a subject, as well as goals and objectives.
The object of such state activity is the national financial system. It is seen as a phenomenon and a mechanism that guides the activities of the relevant authorities to ensure protection from adverse factors that hinder development.
The subject in this case is the state as a whole. It is considered from the point of view of the executive, legislative and judicial branches. Also, the subject is the financial system, which includes various institutions, regions, population, world communities or the primary links of the country's economy.
The subject of the financial security of the state is the activity of various entities that implement the overall principles of protection and specific actions for the stable development of the economy, reducing risks. They function withthe purpose of influencing objects.
The concept and strategy of financial security ensures the achievement of the set goals in the overall structure of the country's national defense. The main objectives of this process are to identify trends and factors that affect the country's economic activity. Also, such work is being carried out to eliminate negative influences that hinder the development of an irrational approach to the distribution of available resources.
To solve the set goals, a lot of tasks are solved by specialists in various areas of state activity. New ways of developing the system are being developed or existing ones are being improved. This allows you to optimize the capital structure of the country, the receipt and distribution of available funds. The state budget must be properly balanced. Its structure must be optimal. Risks are covered by different reserve funds. This ensures the survival and development of the entire system in the market environment that has developed in the world.
Levels and elements
The presented process is considered from the position of different levels. Each stage functions to ensure the general economic interests of the country. The main levels of financial security of the state are individual citizens, households, societies, organizations. They form the next steps. These are the levels of the industry, the state and the world economy. All processes occurring in the lower structures affect the global processes. Also, the actions of the responsible authorities at the macro level affect the state of the economy at the micro level.
The listed components function in order to protect national interests. These are vital values that determine the level of well-being of the people and each individual citizen. Only under the condition of coordinated work of all elements of the system, harmonious development and protection of the country from adverse effects is possible.
Components of the state's financial security is a number of elements. One of the main factors that affects the entire system is the effectiveness of the state's economic policy. The government must provide conditions for achieving long-term, tactical goals in the development process of the country.
Another component that ensures the protection of the state is the independence of the financial system. This is necessary so that the governing bodies can independently make decisions regarding the goals, mechanisms and ways of developing the state. Otherwise, the interests of the country will not be taken into account when determining the direction of the system.
The third component of financial security is the competitiveness of the financial system. This allows you to take advantageous positions in the global market, gaining access to limited resources.
Components
Components of the financial security of the state ensure the harmonious development of the system. They include several elements. These include:
- Security of the banking system. This ensures the stability of the system, its resistance to adverse factors.
- Security of the non-banking sector. At this level, the development of the insurance, stock market is considered. They fully meet the needs of society in the services of such organizations.
- Debt security. Provides internal and external security of debt obligations. At the same time, the cost of their maintenance is taken into account, the optimal ratio between receivables and payables, own sources of financing is determined.
- Budget security. The actions are aimed at ensuring the solvency of the state, its financial stability. This allows all parts of the system to perform the functions assigned to them.
- Security of the currency sphere. This is a process of exchange rate formation, in which the society develops high confidence in national money. This creates conditions for the gradual development of the national economy. This state of affairs attracts foreign investment to the country.
- Security of the monetary system. This makes it possible to provide all subjects of the country's economy with credit resources at an affordable price and on favorable terms. This is essential for economic growth.
All elements of the state's financial security must work together. If there are problems in one of these areas, other components suffer as well. Therefore, a systematic approach in the process of ensuring a high level of security is essential.
Security Level Specifications
There are certain methods that allow you to determine the level of financialsecurity. This allows you to objectively assess the state of the system, draw conclusions about its prospects in the future. These categories include criteria, threats, indicators and indicators of the level of security. They are considered in a complex, covering the current situation from different angles.
The criteria for the financial security of the state are the norms, in comparison with which the state of the country's economy is determined. The situation in this case is considered from the standpoint of ensuring the sustainable development of the financial system.
Another category that is often used in the assessment process is threats to the financial security of the state. These include potential and existing factors. They pose a threat to the financial interests of the country. Relevant state authorities are obliged to identify threats in a timely manner. Next, an action plan is developed to reduce their impact on the situation. The level of danger of such phenomena is measured. Measures are also being taken to prevent future threats and their negative consequences for the domestic economy.
Indicators
To determine the degree of impact of identified threats on the development of the system, special indicators are used. These are indicators that, in quantitative terms, reflect the state of the economy. The indicators are highly sensitive, signaling possible dangers for society and the state in the event of changes at the macroeconomic level. Also, such indicators reflect the consequences of certainmanagement decisions that are made in the field of finance.
Indicators should be in the optimal range. Within its limits, the situation in the country is the most favorable and stable. When the indicator crosses the threshold values of indicators, violations occur and unfavorable trends develop in the economy and the state as a whole.
Threats to financial security in Russia
Considering the indicators of the financial security of the state, it is possible to determine the degree and type of threats that may hinder the harmonious development of the economy. In our country, such dangers are divided into internal and external. They are formed under the influence of different trends.
Internal threats arise from the irrational conduct of state policy in the field of finance. This is due to miscalculations and errors in making certain decisions by managers of higher and lower levels. General mismanagement of responsible persons, their abuse of their powers, as well as economic crimes committed by them can also lead to the emergence of internal threats.
In our country, external factors have a greater impact on the state of the financial system. These threats include the globalization of the world economy. International processes intensively influence the domestic economy, change the structure of world economic relations. As a result, the content of global financial flows is changing. They arebecome divorced from the processes of reproduction. Money moves into speculative capital. This leads to difficulties in carrying out the equivalent exchange.
Analysis of the financial security indicators of the state allows you to identify the main threats. This is necessary for their identification, forecasting, as well as for developing a strategy for the state's actions in the current and constantly changing environment.
To build the threshold values of indicators, the responsible authorities at the federal level under the leadership of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation develop plans and forecasts of economic development processes for the next year. At the same time, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation is working on the creation of a draft state budget. It is this documentation that contains the main indicators that reflect the level of economic security of the state.
These include several basic coefficients. They are presented in percentage terms. These indicators include:
- external debt in relation to GDP;
- Fixed investment to GDP;
- budget deficit to GDP;
- inflation rate.
Indicators are considered in dynamics for several periods. This allows you to identify general trends.
Security principles
Ensuring the financial security of the state occurs according to certain principles. To do this, the law during the activities of the ruling bodies is the primary authority that guides the conduct of this type of activity. At the same time, it is necessary to develop, approve andimplementation of the state strategy in the course of ensuring the protection of the interests of all its subjects.
An important principle on which the presented process is based is the acceptance at the highest level of the interests of the country in the field of finance. At the same time, it is required to maintain a balance of interests of individuals, organizations, the region and the state as a whole. These are elements of one system, they must work together and move towards the same goal. The security of the economy at the macro level depends on their actions.
An important principle in the process of ensuring protection against internal and external adverse factors is monitoring indicators, tracking threats. These are the financial components of the economic security of the state. Based on the information collected, a choice of actions is made to prevent their negative impact on the system, to protect national interests in this area.
It is necessary to form the structure and legal registration of all its components. For each subject, the functions that must be performed exactly to ensure the required level of protection are defined.
The combination of these principles forms the methods of ensuring state security in the financial sector.
Security mechanism
There is a certain mechanism for ensuring the financial security of the state. This is a system that is enshrined in law. It includes a number of bodies and institutions whose actions are aimed at creating favorable conditions for the development of the economy.
This mechanism has several components. The first of these is legal factors (legislative acts regulating financial relations at different levels). The second is the institutional component. They ensure the implementation of established norms and principles. The third component is the instrumental aspect. These are all ways, actions aimed at achieving the goal.
Supervisory authorities
The impact of financial control on the economic security of the state is significant. The overall result depends on the correct implementation of the tasks assigned to all subjects of the system. Therefore, such work is carried out at different levels. They are divided into two types. This is the federal and regional level.
Financial control and economic security of the state are closely related. This system is headed by the President of the Russian Federation. The appropriate conditions for this are created by the Presidential Administration. Further, the goals set at the highest level are communicated to subordinate bodies. They are the Security Council and the Federal Assembly. Tasks are transferred according to the structure below. Each higher body monitors their implementation. This ensures stable operation of the system.
Having considered the definitions, the constituent elements of the financial security of the state, one can understand the structure of this system, as well as the principles of its functioning.
