The Civil Code and other legislative acts regulate the state management of property and property relations. A special role in this is assigned to the system of executive power. This includes state representatives authorized by the government in joint-stock companies where state capital operates, many special bodies, agencies, state committees, ministries, the Government of the Russian Federation.
State management of property, transformation of property, use, disposal, control over the performance of the functions of state bodies that manage - all this is under the jurisdiction of the government. It has the broadest decision-making authority on all matters relating to governance. The most important functions in state property management are assigned to the Ministry of Property Relations of the Russian Federation. In principle, the functionality of allbodies operating under the laws of the Russian Federation and other regulations can be called important.
Main Functions
The bodies authorized by the government for the state management of property, are engaged in a block of shares of enterprises, respectively, with a dividend policy and regulation of the exchange rate. Through their efforts, a strategy for the development of state entrepreneurship is developed and implemented, targeted programs, government orders and plans are formed. It is the authorized bodies that create a competitive and market-adapted structure for managing objects of the state and commercialized sectors. With their help, a pricing policy is developed in the exchange between market formations and state enterprises.
Only the indicated state and municipal property management bodies calculate options for strategic forecasting, program the long-term development of the state's property potential, and solve current and strategic tasks for the resource supply of the entire economy of the country. The tasks of state bodies also include the functions of developing and implementing strategic provision of management structures and state property with scientific data and special personnel.
The process of managing state and municipal property is currently most often limited to formal fragmentary measures by order. Control over the use of property in accordance with itsthe purpose is still insufficient, and therefore ineffective. That is why the strategic goal is to organize the use and reproduction of state property in optimal sizes. For this, innovative management methods are being introduced. According to experts, these goals will not be fully achieved soon, perhaps never.
Federal state ownership and its management require the presence of appropriate institutions, and the state, being the owner and strategic manager, must, through certain levers, carry out planning, forecasting, stimulation, organization, coordination, and personnel management. One of the features of such actions is the need to organically combine economic and administrative forms and methods.
Federal state property and its management is a system of economic and organizational relations between different subjects and managers. When it slips, it is not possible to ensure the reproduction, effective use and transformation of state facilities, since a mixed-type economic mechanism operates. The purpose of the authorized bodies, as already mentioned, is the implementation of the main economic and social interests of the state and society.
Basic principles of the management system
State property management bodies operate on the basis of a number of mandatory principles.
1. Purposeful use of state property. The goal is to create forrealization of social and economic benefits of the corresponding material conditions.
2. The effectiveness of management, which consists in achieving the goal. State property management bodies must achieve a certain result of activity, the qualitative state of the object under their influence.
3. Management professionalism. It is necessary to attract highly qualified managers and managers, to conduct certification of management employees. State property is managed not by random people, but by well-trained people.
4. progressive motivation. A well-designed mechanism is needed that can attract financial interest, which depends solely on the result.
5. Constant control. In no case should the activities of managers be allowed to take their course. State property is managed by controlled bodies. They must be held accountable for the outcome of their management. The owner (state) is obliged to conduct constant monitoring through regularly received reports on the activities of each manager. It is also necessary to process the received data and analyze them.
6. Mandatory quality legal regulation. Here it is necessary to develop, adopt and, as far as possible, improve the system of legislative acts that create legal support for each subject of state property management.
7. Variety of forms and methods of work. Each object of state property has certain features, and therefore the management of each of themshould combine administrative and economic measures to increase the effect.
8. Consistency and complexity of management.
9. Improving the management structure in organizational terms. In the management of state property in the Russian Federation at each level, one can often observe duplication of certain functions. It is necessary to consolidate the responsibility of each leader for the decisions made and the work done.
10. Responsibility of each subject of property management. State property must be inviolable. However, its inviolability existed back in 1937, when economic and social responsibility dominated society.
Specific principles of management in a mixed type of economy
In a mixed economy, there are other principles of state property management. The property is maintained according to the transitional period. The nature of the reforms is taken into account and progressive institutional shifts in the economy are ensured. Management is aimed at overcoming the crisis of the system and at its restructuring. Organizational links are being brought into line with the tasks of implementing investment, industrial, innovation and other areas of state policy.
Object management should be rational and efficient. State property is managed by an open system, and therefore the approach to this task must be systematic. This is characterized by an intense and frequent impact of the external environment on the functionality of management, andthat's why sometimes it crashes. There should be feedback here, since by definition state power and self-government are elective concepts, and therefore the apparatus of power or local self-government makes decisions that are obviously political.
For example, the management of the state property of the region should take place taking into account the methods and means agreed with the center. Then it becomes possible to influence the subjects purposefully in the general process of achieving the designated goals on a national scale. Among the specific principles of state property management of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the following can be distinguished.
Social policy and goal setting
Achieving socio-economic efficiency. Evaluation of the management process is impossible without the principle of income maximization, the reason for this is the nature of this category. The criterion is information from economic statistics. It is by these indicators that the effectiveness of the process is evaluated. The income received from objects of municipal and state property also determines the social policy of the state.
Development of goal setting - a system of goals, where the main and priority goals are highlighted. The strategic goal of socio-economic policy is always the conditions for a sustainable process of reproduction of goods that can satisfy social needs. The overall economic goal is to ensure the development of the municipal and state economic sectors. However, to implementthis approach is tricky.
It is necessary that the municipality and the state implement the goals that are objectively determined, in relation to a specific object or their group. It is also impossible to work without fixing these goals in regulatory legal acts. The implementation of state property management should include ways to achieve the goal, approved by the authorized municipal or state bodies. These methods should not only be legal and protected by law, but also stimulating. Hired managers should be held accountable for their performance.
Progressive motivation and responsibility
Progressive motivation is a developed mechanism of the subject's interest in the results obtained from the material side. This system in the management of the disposal of state property is currently perfectly fine-tuned. It is perhaps the most effective element of the overall governance mechanism. It uses a sound scientific dividend policy, a progressive pay system, fast promotion, an excellent social security scheme, insurance, protection, and so on.
If we take into account that in modern Russia the level of remuneration, which is not related to the management of federal state property of a person, depends on little (especially does not depend on management performance indicators), we can not expect a quick solution to social issues. Moreover, the cost approach of managers to the formation of utility tariffs,transport, electric power industry and the like does not at all create an incentive for efficient management of large objects of the Russian public sector.
The administrative, socio-economic, criminal responsibility of individual subjects from the category of managers for the inefficient use of state facilities and the exceptionally low degree of reproduction of the country's property is strangely used. Interestingly, every year the situation is getting worse. Both party and administrative responsibility have been lost for a long time and for a long time. Individuals make managerial decisions with multi-billion dollar assets owned by the state.
The toughest case is dismissal. This is still a leftover from the previously widely used administrative measures. Persons who have become rich by plundering state property immediately find another job in the public sector, most often even more profitable. All this indicates a very weak level of personal responsibility in the system of operational management of state and municipal property. It must be different. Each subject of governance should be responsible for all the damage that was caused to society and the state as a result of incompetent actions, inaction, corruption and crime.
Systematic management and professionalism
Complexity in the management system is a fundamental principle, which is expressed in the interconnection of all functions in the management of state property, in generalpurposefulness, ensuring the coherence of the elements of the control mechanism. Here, the unity of action of the executive and representative authorities, persons and management structures, an organic combination of administrative and economic methods, uniform criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of activities, and the like should be unshakable.
The most important condition is the understanding that the result of management of any individual property object always affects the effect of management in the entire spectrum of public property, and the scale here is huge. This means that it is necessary to develop programs and forms of state property management in a single system. Every action related to management must be properly secured by regulatory legal acts. The modern attitude towards state property cannot remain stable for long - legal categories must be applied to strengthen the legal framework; this is a prerequisite.
In the world, the connection between the institution of legislative power and the socio-economic development of society can be traced much better. In Russia, it is necessary to develop, adopt and improve the system of legislative acts that would create legal support. We also need an institution of coercion so that contractual obligations are fulfilled, and views on property are divided according to the principle of "ours" and "theirs".
The principle of professionalism is not at all difficult to implement on the territory of the Russian Federation. This requires a competitive basis in terms of attracting people to the management system, as well as competentlya developed training program for the subjects that won the competition. Of course, advanced training is a periodic procedure, and corruption must be excluded both when hiring and when assessing the qualification level of each manager. This all exists today, but is somewhat formal.
The vicissitudes of a mixed economy
Already several decades ago, the old system of state property management, which ensured the existence of the only truly social state in the world, was destroyed. The new one has not yet been properly formed and, moreover, has not been conceptually comprehended. Until now, none of the experts can clearly explain what kind of socio-economic system is transforming our society, what role state property plays in the overall economy, and what management system will be needed at the end of the transition period.
So far, Russia is following the example of most countries and creating a mixed economy, but the importance of state ownership is too underestimated. It must always (in other countries it does!) perform the most important functions in any socio-political conditions. Two components can be observed here: management of the transformation of state property into private property (to a level that can be considered rational), as well as management of the reproduction of state property and its use.
However, none of these items were fulfilled. At the very beginning of the reforms there was a totaldestruction of state property through predatory large-scale privatization. In the version that was implemented, privatization also did not contribute to the emergence of private type property, if it could be any effective, especially compared to state property. The reformers lost control of state property due to a negative attitude towards it, the entire industry was literally killed, all achievements on the territory of the Russian Federation were trampled. All this must be restored, otherwise Russia will never become the great power it was under Soviet rule.
Property
Everyone understands that property is the basis of absolutely any system that exists and develops in the economy. State property today is an expression of relations between individuals for the appropriation of goods and the implementation of public and state interests. Management is not aimed at reproduction, state property is used and transformed extremely irrationally, its objects are appropriated through economic methods, forms, management functions - all this is dishonest. Moreover, privatization is only one of those tools that brought harm to the country. It should reflect the transformation of state ownership into private ownership in order to rationalize the overall structure of the economy and ensure the efficient reproduction of social capital. In fact, the opposite happens.
Privatization has two stages: formal and real. The first transforms state propertyinto the private, securing the powers of the new owners legally. And the second forms real new owners, private traders, organizing the process of effective reproduction for the use of this property. Global transformations always bring difficulties in the management of state we alth. At present, crises have too many problems not developed by economic science.
Today in Russia these difficulties are added by other ideological and political "noises" that hinder the understanding of the transformation of property. An ideological war is going on instead of critical analysis and effective measures. Forms of ownership are being transformed, no benefit is brought by this process to the country, and therefore opponents and supporters of privatization will most likely never agree.
State regulation and market mechanisms of self-organization
no matter what type of owners the subject belongs to (whether it is a state or a private person). Only under such conditions can economic and other incentives be created for the reproduction and rational use of property.
Today in Russia, essentially, no one has suffered a tangibleresponsibility for the inefficient use of state property, and effective measures have not yet been seen in any of the sectors of the national economy. The motivational mechanism itself has been lost, which is the other side of the medal of responsibility, and therefore there is no quality management of state property (and frequent, too: after all, it could not become an adequate replacement for the state monopoly). In order for the economy to form and function normally, self-organization factors are not enough - the state must manage the country's economy.
This is the most important internal moment, which is the essence of her being, penetrates into all the pores of the body once a great power. Even the external elements of the organization of state property management do not satisfy: neither the credit, nor the monetary system, nor the operation of the few surviving enterprises, nor taxation - there are no reasons for optimism in anything yet. Self-organization of market relations looks like a process left to chance. Only by joint efforts is it possible to streamline it, when both the market with its self-organization and the state with its regulatory management act simultaneously, moreover, at the same time, without contradictions.
State management
This phenomenon is more economic than even the market with its competition, capital, goods, money and the like. The basis of state management is the property that belongs to it, which allows realizing the public and state interest. This is precisely whatconsolidating role of state administration. For the economy, the state must perform a number of important functions. As already mentioned, this is done for the reproduction of social capital.
It is the state (society) that belongs (or should belong) to the spheres and industries of national importance, as well as the main industries. For example, the electric power industry is fully state-owned in Canada, Japan, France and other countries, railways and transport are owned by the state in Italy, France, Spain, Sweden, Austria and other countries, mail - in the USA, Japan and other countries, air transport - in Spain, France and other countries.
Most often the state is the owner of natural resources, cultural, historical, intellectual values. It is the state that should finance high technologies and fundamental sciences, it is it that subsidizes most of the information products. And to belittle the role of the state in property management is to cause irreparable harm to the country. This is what we have seen in recent decades.
