The profession of a journalist can be obtained in a huge number of universities around the world. However, its specificity is known precisely in practice, comprehended through experience. The choice of university depends on what media field the applicant is going to study.
There is such a job - to know about everything
Journalism - a service or a vocation? Of course, first of all, it is a profession where you need your skills and abilities. A journalist can write an essay, get an interview, write a press release.
Also, this speci alty is distinguished by constant contact with people from different areas. Therefore, a real press officer knows how to inspire their confidence and obtain the necessary information. This is a detective, and an actor, and a writer all rolled into one. Of course, such a multifaceted activity leads to a rapid expansion of horizons.
Walking notebook
A real pen shark can be recognized by a special look. The press worker looks at the world greedily, looking around for an informational occasion, a source of initial data for material and new social contacts. This, of course, does not mean that the famous prototypenamed Paparazzi from Fellini's cinema is a true journalist, demonstrating tactlessness and importunity. But without promptness in the media, there is nothing to do. After all, as Vladimir Pozner said in the program "School of Scandal", journalism is magic that is present only in the present moment.
To make good material, the reviewer must prepare the information, make his review and publication with the right accents. Therefore, very often the press can be recognized by a notepad or a newfangled gadget that performs the same function.
A talented media worker knows how to present the news in such a way that it is impossible not to read it. It is very important in news work to have a clear picture of what is happening, look at the heterogeneity of materials and fix the audience's attention on the main idea with the help of mastery of the word.
Of course, many believe that journalism is the younger sister of literature, and it is related to art, like a house painter is to painting. However, very often talented writers choose this path, at the same time writing wonderful stories and novels. It is possible that it was the modern way of life that made people leading a socially active life out of reclusive writers. Now the author is looking for his heroes not in the inner space, but in the crowd of onlookers. This is a brief portrait of a modern press worker.
Journalism Essentials: Preparing the Story
News - this is the magical essence obtained as a result of the work of a professional columnist. Information is important in the media. Facts and real eventsmake the material interesting. There is no place for conjecture and reflection in the news press. Any institution of journalism hones in its students the ability to separate the main from the secondary. Students practice deriving the main idea, finding important information in the course of the investigation, processing data and presenting the material in an interesting way. This is the basics of journalism.
Also, students study different directions, which really differ from each other in techniques and style of presentation. Newspaper journalism, radio journalism, and television journalism require different skills.
In addition, there are such areas as photojournalism and advertising. However, almost all of them require a good command of the word. To write articles for a print publication, it is important to be able to state facts concisely, for radio, virtuoso oral speech is needed, for television, in addition to the above, it is necessary to be able to work in the frame.
I have a space suit - ready to travel
Very often, teenagers are eager to learn the profession of a press officer, but do not conduct their journalistic investigation about a suitable educational institution. The choice, as a rule, falls on the closest to home or a prestigious university. However, it is also necessary to take into account the specifics of the department.
In Russia, almost every major city has the opportunity to get a quality philological education. However, there are a number of universities that provide highly specialized education in the field that is of interest to the applicant.
Of course, this is the journalism of Moscow State University, the faculties of journalism of MGIMO and the Institute of Mass Media of the Russian State University for the Humanities.
International journalism appeared at MGIMO in 1968. As for the Institute of Mass Media, the RSUH sets itself the task of teaching humanitarian education at a high level in the conditions dictated by the information age.
MGU is the basis of journalism in our country, so the faculty will be discussed in more detail.
All graduates of the three largest universities get the opportunity to learn how to create media materials on their own, as well as freely navigate information, find it where an ordinary person is unable to. Not every faculty of journalism provides an opportunity to get an extensive practice, as is the case in the largest universities in the country.
Foreign universities
The world's most reputable journalism faculties and universities have their own unique teaching traditions. But if earlier the vector of education was chosen based on the internal needs of the country, now, in the era of globalization, classical schools are increasingly making programs more universal. And at the same time, students are given the opportunity to get a unique experience. It is for the sake of acquiring professional skills from media gurus that students overcome unimaginable distances and language barriers.
The school of journalism, which is considered one of the most respected, is located at Columbia University in the USA. Pen masters are trained here in all major areas.
For journalism in the fieldlaw and economics, it is worth going to the Carlos III University of Madrid. The basics of writing skills are taught here through the prism of the social sciences and humanities.
Science journalists get the necessary experience at the University of Dortmund in Germany. Natural and technical disciplines are taught here, graduates defend scientific work on the chosen topic. In addition, technical press masters are being trained in Germany. This is done by the Fachhochschule Bonn-Rein-Sieg. Computer science, exact sciences, automated control techniques are taught here, as well as the history of journalism or the style of the native language.
The Australian University of Western Sydney studies business, sports and political journalism. But media workers who specialize in the analysis of art are sent to study craftsmanship at the New Zealand Institute of Technology. Here they train musicians, photographers and designers. Thus, New Zealand graduates not just highly specialized journalists, but professionals at the junction of two fields. The second example of combined education is at the University of Navarra in Spain. Here students specialize in philosophy, and after graduation they become analytical journalists.
Abroad, the internship of students in other language environments is still relevant. For example, a school of journalism in France practices trips of students to Italy. Italy has a different culture, a different experience for students. As a result, special journalism is taught here. Universities around the world offer their programs and requirements.
Window inEurope
Such Russian universities as MGIMO, RSUH and Moscow State University send their students abroad. The Institute of Journalism provides an opportunity to gain foreign experience. The main condition for this is the presence of a mature language exam and several years of study at a basic university.
If an applicant independently seeks journalism courses, then all the hardships of paperwork fall on him. In addition to the above tests, you must provide an autobiography, a certificate of financial solvency, letters of recommendation and motivation. It is desirable to prepare a portfolio of works published in the media. Registration fees, housing fees, and specialized fees are all paid privately. At the same time, some foreign universities award scholarships to foreign citizens and provide a hostel.
Newsboys
Sometimes journalists are called representatives of the second ancient profession, alluding to the ability to present the news in the light in which they are ordered. However, press officers appeared in Russia relatively recently - in the century before last.
The name is taken from French and means "diary" (from journal). Moscow publicists were engaged in periodicals. Already under Tsars Mikhail Fedorovich and Alexei Mikhailovich, the first handwritten editions of Chimes and News Letters were published, mainly translations from European newspapers were published in them: German, Swedish, Polish and Dutch. The news was read to the king and those close to himboyars. And in 1702, the first trial Vedomosti was published, again consisting of foreign news. Peter the Great himself found time in his schedule to select the most valuable information. In 1703, the publication began to appear regularly on Tuesdays and Fridays.
Thus, news peddlers appeared a long time ago, but journalism could develop only after the advent of the printing press and the need of the general public for fresh information. Such a need arose in the 17th century, the era of the technical boom, when manufacturers began to follow up-to-date economic information. Merchants needed to know in which countries materials could be purchased and where new machines for production appeared. In addition, the publications reported prices, which made it possible to learn about the competitive market.
During the same period, government agencies showed great interest in the media. Now the press is the "riding horse" of ideological, religious and political games.
The history of journalism is closely linked to the general level of literacy of the population.
Mikhail Lomonosov made a great contribution to the domestic news sphere. His work "Discourses on the Duties of Journalists" laid the vector for the development of the profession in the 19th and 20th centuries. It was on the basis of the scientist's ideas about what the domestic press should be that the work of the almanacs "The Bell", "Moscow Telegraph", "Domestic Notes", "Polar Star" was built.
The October Revolution gave birth to the "Newworld" and other printed publications, including "Izvestia", "Komsomolskaya Pravda", "Soviet Russia".
Heritage of the Fatherland
One of the largest faculties in the country that trains journalists is the Faculty of Journalism of Moscow State University. The faculty has 14 departments, including: the department of foreign journalism and literature, the department of the history of domestic media, literary and artistic criticism and journalism, the style of the native language, television and radio broadcasting, newspaper technology, new media and communication theory and others. The training of photojournalists, specialist editors, Internet authors is also carried out here. The Faculty of Journalism of Moscow State University provides training in various forms: full-time, evening and part-time. However, in recent years, recruitment for correspondence courses has been suspended. Newspaper, photo, radio, TV, international, sports, business journalism are presented on the daily form.
Main speci alties such as newspaper, television, radio journalism, as well as editorial and public relations, can also be studied at the evening department.
All students master socio-political, philological and specialized disciplines. Particular attention is paid to the study of the technology and methodology of creative activity, the preparation of materials for television and radio programs, the organization of the work of the editorial team, the acquisition of publishing skills, the creation and promotion of network media, convergent media content.
OnThe faculty hosts a huge scientific and educational platform, represented by the Ibero-American Center for the Study of Journalism and Culture, the Free Russian-German Institute of Journalism, the Center for the Study of the Media of Scandinavia and Finland, the Franco-Russian, Russian-Japanese, Italian-Russian, Russian-Indian, Russian- Chinese centers. Students can perfectly master foreign languages, study media systems and principles of different states, participate in foreign exchange programs provided by the Faculty of Journalism. The training program is constantly being improved.
A story of 60 years
More than 20,000 people graduated from the Faculty of Journalism of Moscow State University in 60 years. Among them are the infamous Vladislav Listyev and Anna Politkovskaya. Of the modern media stars, it is worth remembering Marianna Maksimovskaya, Ernest Matskyavichus and Alexei Pivovarov from the entertainment media - these are Evelina Khromchenko, Ksenia Strizh, Dana Borisova, Tutta Larson, Andrey Malakhov. The famous writer Dmitry Bykov and poetess Vera Polozkova also studied here.
Not only the graduates are impressive, but also the composition of the teachers. Thus, the journalism of Moscow State University is represented by more than 165 professors. Among the scientific staff there are 97 associate professors, candidates of sciences and 32 professors. Many successful graduates who graduated from the faculty of journalism continue to teach here. Among them are radio host Svetlana Sorokina, music critic Artemy Troitsky, editor-in-chief of the Ekho Moskvy program Alexei Venediktov. For all these people, journalism is more thana profession is a vocation, so learning from them means not only learning the basics of mastery, but also revealing your own talent.
Epicenter of the student universe
It is believed that the monument to Lomonosov is not only the history of journalism, but also a place of power for writers and writers. Young students, recent graduates come here, here is a place for hangouts of journalism faculty.
All studies at the university are saturated with a special atmosphere, because students spend a lot of time together. They publish an optional publication "Journalist", prepare internal programs and programs themselves, and actively develop media.
Journalism circles are primarily creative workshops and studios. Here the guys learn to defend their opinion, listen to other points of view and give comments to each other at the level of high quality feedback.
Surrender to become your own
In order to study at Moscow State University, the university, like any other university of journalism, offers applicants to pass entrance tests. Today they include the Unified State Examination in Russian and Literature. In addition, it is also necessary to pass foreign languages, among which, in addition to English and German, they take exams in French and Spanish.
Literature is considered a core subject, the results of a creative competition are also taken into account.
The admission itself is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the best creative essays are selected, and at the second, a choice is made in favor of those applicants who adequately passed the interview.
For bachelors, there is an opportunity to enroll in a master's program (the duration of study is 2 years). It is enough to pass an interview and provide a diploma of higher education.
The duration of training for specialists in the second higher education is 3 years. The tests here are the same as for admission to the magistracy. Education is paid, but everyone can attend professorial lectures and master classes by leading professionals, including practicing journalists from leading media resources.
Young journalist
For students in grades 9 and 10 who want to prepare for entrance examinations, journalism courses are being conducted. In order to take part in the course program, you need to pass a test task. Also, applicants can visit another institution - the "School of a Young Journalist". For classes at a studio school, you need to write an essay and pass an interview. Journalism courses last 9 months. In a studio school, the duration of study is 1 or 2 years. Journalism is a calling and it is better to understand it at a young age.
They say that a journalist, a writer, a critic are not born, but become. However, if since childhood you have noticed a love for pen and paper, the ability to compose and convey it to others, express your opinion and listen to someone else's, then you are definitely on the way with pen sharks.
