Population is the ratio and interaction of people within certain social communities. Life processes take place within the whole of humanity, in individual countries, as well as in regions and small settlements. Demography is the study of this subject. This word came to us from the Greek language and in translation means "people" and "I write." This science studies the structure (demographic groups - composition and development) and dynamics (birth, death, migration) of the population. For modern sociology, the solution of problems related to demography is relevant and important. As a result of scientific research, a certain policy of the state is developed. And since its main object is the reproduction of the population, it directs all its forces to achieve positive prospects in this regard. We'll take a closer look at what demographics are later in the article.
Population structure
The social system includes socio-demographic groups. They are divided into the following categories,like:
- gender and age;
- family;
- genetic.
These types are indicators of statistics of births, deaths, marriages and divorces, migration exchange of residents between different countries. Demographic groups can be characterized by such features as: number of years, gender, marital status, place of birth and residence.
Gender and age structures
These demographics suggest links between women and men in a given territory. It also consists in the ratio between people of different years of birth. The tool that analyzes this view is the "pyramid". It can be used to study the organization of population reproduction. The lines of the chart will be calm if the birth and death rates have no differences or deviations from the norm.
Family structures
These demographic groups are associations characterized by the number, size, relationship between individual family members and its composition. Of particular importance are indicators of marital status: married, (un-)married, single, widowed, divorced, separated from a partner. In the study of this species, the human composition is also taken into account, which is distinguished according to various characteristics. We are talking about the number of generations in the family, the completeness of married couples, the number of minor children, the age of the child and the degree of relationship between several categories of relatives. In the system of this structure, all "cells of society" arecertain demographic groups. Examples of such joins are:
- simple (without relatives and children);
- complicated (with brothers, sisters, etc.);
- with one or more children (complete or incomplete).
Given which social classes a man and a woman in a couple belong to (the same or different), homogeneous (homogeneous) and heterogeneous (heterogeneous) families stand out.
Genetic categories
These demographic groups are formed by the ratio of people born in a certain area and visitors who settled in it. Certain subspecies stand out from the second category. They are characterized according to the time of residence.
Youth as a distinct demographic
The lower age limit starts at 14 years old. It is during these years that a person begins to be considered physically mature and efficient. He can independently choose whether to study it further or combine it with paid work. The upper limit is determined by the age at which people achieve professional experience, economic independence, and personal constancy. They create families and give birth to children. This period is very important for a person. He manifests himself not only as the creator of a "cell of society", but also as an individual who has mastered a certain system of knowledge, norms and values of society. The population in Russia, since 1989, has fallen sharply. Modern sources indicate a figure below 30 million, but there is no exact figure yet. The population census, which is planned in the near future, will be able to indicate the exact number of representatives of today's youth. Due to the fall in the birth rate in Russia, the younger generation is "aging": the number of 25-29-year-olds is increasing.
Able-bodied young people make up 41% of the population of Russia. Of these, 22.3 million people contributed to the development of the national economy. But today there is a decrease in the participation of young people in the work of this sphere. There are fewer and fewer builders, workers, drivers. The younger generation strives to escape from the villages and towns to the cities. In this regard, there are changes in the structure of the non-productive sphere. Over the past 10 years, the number of young people in villages has fallen by 25%. At the moment, only 9% of the younger generation is the rural population of Russia.
