Political management: definition, methods, bodies

2024 Author: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-12 02:40

There is no need to explain that every person living today has, in one way or another, encountered and continues to encounter various forms of political governance. This is especially true for those who, by virtue of their professional activities, must either work with politicians or are themselves politicians. But sometimes people tend not to understand the essence of the phenomenon that they face every day. This is exactly what is happening with the phenomenon of political governance. Everyone knows that it exists, but not many people know exactly how it is implemented.

Definition and analysis of concepts

Let's start with the most obvious, namely the meaning and meaning of the words that make up the term "political management". So what is politics and what is management? It is obvious? It is quite possible that not very much.

Politics - what is it?

Politics is calleda set of concepts that include the work of organizations that determine the main directions of government activity, and the work of organizations that directly implement the developed plan. Also, politics devotes time to all the phenomena and incidents of the life of society, which are somehow connected with the work of public administrators. It would not be superfluous to also note that the science of political science is engaged in the study of politics.

Management: who, why and how

What about management? The term itself is associated with politics, sometimes they can even be considered interchangeable. But not always, because political management is just one of the varieties of management. In a broader sense, management can be considered everything that is connected with the conscious impact of the subject on the object with the desire to achieve a very specific goal. Management is literally everywhere. For example, the management of a political organization. But in economics, law and even culture there is also management. So what makes political governance so different from all the rest?

Well, for starters, the state institution has a monopoly on the use of force. This is really important in our time, because most of the offenses are just the same in the attempts of individuals to use this right, which does not belong to them.

There is also no and cannot be any doubt that this type of government is completely tied to the relationship of the people with the authorities. They can arise only in the conditions of the existence of a political institution and theof people. There is another point of view. Its followers argue that the task of political management is to create an organization with its own goals and plans. Their views on politics would be relatively the same, which would allow them to achieve any visible results in the international political arena.

So. Political management in a broader sense is just a form of controlling society in the condition of the existence of socio-political relations.

In many ways, these assumptions make it possible to fully realize such an important aspect as the fact that governance sometimes includes other areas of public life, such as economics, law and culture.

Components

It is easy to assume that one of the main components of political governance is the presence of any political institution, political party or leader. But it is also impossible to do without any object, on which the subject will carry out various manipulations.

But how exactly do they interact with each other? How is contact made?

This is where the most diverse channels of control come into play. These include the publication of laws, speeches by ministers and presidents on television, and so on. It is thanks to such publicity of power that contact is maintained between the state and the people ruled by it.

But how exactly are these communication channels regulated? Indeed, in such a matter it is simply impossible to leave everything without the strictest supervision. And with this understanding, controls were introduced. They includevarious ways of exchanging and transmitting information, as well as ways to assimilate and understand them.

From all this we can conclude that in political management people are without any prejudice to the replacement of the subject of management by the object, and vice versa. This is a common practice, and no one is surprised by it anymore. In a democratic state, it can even be counted as one of the manifestations of the system of checks and balances. The most obvious example is the relationship between citizens and the state in a country where democracy prevails. The people, being the source of power, elect the parliament and the president, and they govern the people at their own discretion and in accordance with the laws in force. Another example is the interdependent relationship between different public authorities.

But at the same time, one should not lose sight of the fact that in the conditions of political management of society one cannot do without political struggle, which in most cases is characterized by inexplicable cruelty. Obviously, ordinary citizens will not benefit from it, except that the losing side will be the person who exploited the power granted to him, but this happens only in fifty percent of cases. Or even less.

However, as mentioned earlier, politics can be influenced not only by representatives of public authorities, but also by the people themselves. There are several ways. They are divided into direct and indirect effects. In the first case, a person participates in various rallies and demonstrations, reacts violently to various publicincidents, takes part in the activities of political parties, writes letters and appeals to political figures, meets with them and becomes the same himself. And in the second case, people just go to the polls and shift the responsibility to the elected ones.

Differences

Perhaps, the first and most important difference between state political governance and just political can be called the fact that the first of the concepts is much broader than the second in its meaning. One can even imagine their correlation in such a way that public administration itself is a special case of the political.

The second difference is that government goes from the state to the people. But with political management, the situation is completely different. It goes from the people to civil society, and from it to the state.

The most obvious fact in existence

In rare cases, the issue of political power and control can be called easy. In countries where civil society is highly developed, state power does not and cannot have a monopoly on governance. This is due to the fact that civil society creates various political parties and movements, circles, groups and structures, and they, in turn, influence government officials. Accordingly, in states where civil society is not developed, there is not only one type of government - the state.

System

It is characteristic that the systempolitical management is divided into several categories. In general, they can all be described as political regimes, but among themselves they are also divided into separate elements. And the principles by which the division is made are quite diverse. For example, political scientists usually refer primarily to the division based on the way in which national decisions are made. In this case, authoritarian and democratic regimes are distinguished.

If people are interested in the boundaries within which the state has the right to interfere in the life of society, one of these regimes can be called liberal and totalitarian.

How exactly does the state care about its citizens and does it care at all? To answer this question, it is necessary to find out what socio-economic laws the named state adheres to in its relations with citizens. That is, to find out whether socio-political management is carried out in this country or not.

If the economy is completely controlled by the state, and the only existing type of property is state, then we can safely say that the country has a totalitarian distribution regime. It is characterized by a planned command economy and a rejection of private enterprise and property in general.

In the event that the state political administration exercises control over the state only in exceptional and strictly designated situations, then the regime can be safely designated as a liberal-democratic. It is characterized primarily by free trade, the predominance of private property, the development of entrepreneurship and competition.

If the question arises of how the government relates to what is happening in the country at a certain point in time, then we can without any doubt single out conservative, reformist, progressive and reactionary regimes. Conservative countries deify traditions and strive in no way to deviate from established laws. The reformers, on the other hand, want to change the existing regime. This regime is characterized by innovation. The progressive regime is characterized by the multilateral development of the entire life of society. And the reactionary regime strives, so to speak, to "return to the past." In the event that a reactionary policy is pursued in the country, the government directs all efforts to cancel some innovations and make everything the way it was before.

Authorities

Political management bodies are legalized organizations that are endowed with power and all related rights and obligations. They are divided into federal, regional, local, central, as well as higher and lower. The number of political management bodies is regulated exclusively by the highest normative legal acts. Different countries may have a different number of controls, and this is not surprising, because in no case their number affects the quality.

Military Directorate of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

It is also important not to forget that the state controls not only the life of society. They are obliged to protect the interests of citizens. Both inside and outside the state. What allows them to do this? Of course, the presence of the army. And it also needs to be controlled, because without control, such power can very easily become a problem.

Speaking of the Russian Federation, one cannot fail to note the role played by the Armed Forces in it. But, as it turned out, citizens no longer perceive the army and navy as something, do not be afraid of this word, great. That is why Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin created the Main Military-Political Directorate. This happened at the end of July 2018, although there has been talk about the need for such a department since February of that year. If we look at what is said in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, then the Military-Political Directorate of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation should organize work in the Armed Forces. This is an extremely responsible task. Also, they should inform citizens about what the Armed Forces are doing, increase respect in society for the Armed Forces. Patriotic sentiments should also be controlled by them. At one of the last meetings, the current head of the military department stated that one of the main priorities of their organization is to stop the falsification of history.

The Main Military Directorate of the Armed Forces inherited the experience of a similar type of Soviet organization, but at the same time, a number of transformations were stillperfect. For example, earlier this organization and the leading party were practically inseparable from each other. Now this, of course, is not and cannot be. Also, the chiefs of the Main Military-Political Directorate of the Armed Forces strive to ensure that their employees do not devote themselves entirely and completely only to military affairs. Given that we all live in the modern world, it is important that they have the skills to communicate with representatives of various institutions of society.

One of the main features of this organization is also the fact that employees of the Main Military-Political Directorate of the Armed Forces cannot participate in any political movements.

Conclusion

Political governance is one of the most important components of society. That is why every person and citizen needs to know and understand how it works and who controls everything. Yes, politics can be cruel, incomprehensible and, in certain cases, unfair, but without the management of the political sphere, inevitable chaos would ensue. Neither political scientists, nor economists, nor philosophers have ever given in and do not give in to doubt.